| Summary: | The purpose of this study was to determine the medication adherence of outpatients with chronic diseases and the association between both patient attitudes and preventive practices regarding COVID-19 and their medication adherence. We performed a cross-sectional study in Vietnam. Medication adherence was determined using the translated and validated Vietnamese version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS). Patient attitudes and preventive practices regarding COVID-19 were measured using the 5K message of the Vietnam Ministry of Health (facemasks, disinfection, distance, no gatherings, health declarations). The associations between patient characteristics and medication adherence were determined by multivariable regression. The study included 1852 outpatients, and 57.6% of the patients adhered to their medications. Patients who recognized the pandemic’s obstruction of medical follow-ups (OR = 1.771; 95%CI = 1.461–2.147; <i>p</i> < 0.001), who applied ≥2 preventive methods (OR = 1.422; 95%CI = 1.173–1.725; <i>p</i> = 0.001), who were employed (OR = 1.677; 95%CI = 1.251–2.248; <i>p</i> = 0.001), who were living in urban areas (OR = 1.336; 95%CI = 1.090–1.637; <i>p</i> = 0.005,) who possessed higher education levels (OR = 1.313; 95%CI = 1.059–1.629; <i>p</i> = 0.013), or who had ≤2 comorbidities (OR = 1.293; 95%CI = 1.044–1.600; <i>p</i> = 0.019) were more likely to adhere to their medications. The adherence percentage for outpatients with chronic diseases was quite low during the pandemic. Patients who did not recognize the COVID-19 pandemic’s obstruction of medical follow-ups or who had poor preventive practices were less likely to adhere to medications. Healthcare providers should pay more attention to these groups to achieve desired treatment outcomes.
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