Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibody responses to malaria antigens reflect exposure to parasites, and seroprevalence correlates with malaria transmission intensity. Antibodies are routinely measured in sera or on dried blood spots but a non-invasive method woul...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2011-04-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/104 |
| _version_ | 1811259826745901056 |
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| author | West Sheila Nwakanma Davis C Satoguina Judith Estévez Patricia Conway David J Drakeley Chris J |
| author_facet | West Sheila Nwakanma Davis C Satoguina Judith Estévez Patricia Conway David J Drakeley Chris J |
| author_sort | West Sheila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibody responses to malaria antigens reflect exposure to parasites, and seroprevalence correlates with malaria transmission intensity. Antibodies are routinely measured in sera or on dried blood spots but a non-invasive method would provide extra utility in sampling general populations. Saliva is already in use in the detection of plasma-derived IgM and IgG to viral infections. In this study, antibodies to <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>merozoite antigens were compared between blood and saliva samples from the same individuals in unlinked surveys conducted in Tanzania and The Gambia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In Tanzania, 53 individuals provided paired fingerprick blood and saliva sample using two commercially available sampling devices. In the Gambia, archived plasma and saliva samples collected from 200 children in the Farafenni area in a cross-sectional survey were analyzed.</p> <p>IgG antibodies against <it>P. falciparum </it>antigens, Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1<sub>19</sub>) and Apical membrane Antigen (AMA-1) were measured by ELISA in paired saliva and blood samples from both sites. Antibody levels were compared as continuous optical density (OD) values and by sero-positivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant correlations between saliva and plasma antibody levels were seen in Tanzania for both antigens, AMA-1(r<sup>2 </sup>range 0.93 to 0.89, p < 0.001) and MSP-1<sub>19 </sub>(r<sup>2 </sup>range 0.93 to 0.75, p < 0.001), with a weaker correlation for results from The Gambia (r<sup>2</sup>range 0.64 to 0.63, p < 0.01). When assessed as seropositivity and compared with plasma, sensitivity and specificity were good with saliva antibody levels to both AMA-1 and MSP-1<sub>19 </sub>(sensitivity range 64-77% and specificity range 91-100% & 47-67% and 90-97% respectively) over the different sample sets.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data demonstrate anti-malarial antibodies can be detected in saliva and correlate strongly with levels in plasma. This non-invasive relatively simple collection method will be potentially useful for general population surveys, and particularly in migratory populations or those with infrequent contact with health services or opposed to blood withdrawal. Further studies will be needed to optimize collection methods, standardize volumes and content and develop controls.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:38:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-142a410fe0db48febe8c53f903e1fa06 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:38:26Z |
| publishDate | 2011-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-142a410fe0db48febe8c53f903e1fa062022-12-22T03:20:52ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752011-04-0110110410.1186/1475-2875-10-104Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it>West SheilaNwakanma Davis CSatoguina JudithEstévez PatriciaConway David JDrakeley Chris J<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Antibody responses to malaria antigens reflect exposure to parasites, and seroprevalence correlates with malaria transmission intensity. Antibodies are routinely measured in sera or on dried blood spots but a non-invasive method would provide extra utility in sampling general populations. Saliva is already in use in the detection of plasma-derived IgM and IgG to viral infections. In this study, antibodies to <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>merozoite antigens were compared between blood and saliva samples from the same individuals in unlinked surveys conducted in Tanzania and The Gambia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In Tanzania, 53 individuals provided paired fingerprick blood and saliva sample using two commercially available sampling devices. In the Gambia, archived plasma and saliva samples collected from 200 children in the Farafenni area in a cross-sectional survey were analyzed.</p> <p>IgG antibodies against <it>P. falciparum </it>antigens, Merozoite Surface Protein-1 (MSP-1<sub>19</sub>) and Apical membrane Antigen (AMA-1) were measured by ELISA in paired saliva and blood samples from both sites. Antibody levels were compared as continuous optical density (OD) values and by sero-positivity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significant correlations between saliva and plasma antibody levels were seen in Tanzania for both antigens, AMA-1(r<sup>2 </sup>range 0.93 to 0.89, p < 0.001) and MSP-1<sub>19 </sub>(r<sup>2 </sup>range 0.93 to 0.75, p < 0.001), with a weaker correlation for results from The Gambia (r<sup>2</sup>range 0.64 to 0.63, p < 0.01). When assessed as seropositivity and compared with plasma, sensitivity and specificity were good with saliva antibody levels to both AMA-1 and MSP-1<sub>19 </sub>(sensitivity range 64-77% and specificity range 91-100% & 47-67% and 90-97% respectively) over the different sample sets.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These data demonstrate anti-malarial antibodies can be detected in saliva and correlate strongly with levels in plasma. This non-invasive relatively simple collection method will be potentially useful for general population surveys, and particularly in migratory populations or those with infrequent contact with health services or opposed to blood withdrawal. Further studies will be needed to optimize collection methods, standardize volumes and content and develop controls.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/104 |
| spellingShingle | West Sheila Nwakanma Davis C Satoguina Judith Estévez Patricia Conway David J Drakeley Chris J Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> Malaria Journal |
| title | Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> |
| title_full | Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> |
| title_fullStr | Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> |
| title_short | Human saliva as a source of anti-malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to <it>Plasmodium falciparum</it> |
| title_sort | human saliva as a source of anti malarial antibodies to examine population exposure to it plasmodium falciparum it |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/104 |
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