Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources
Moscow megacity has a big gap in assessment of air quality, resulting in severe aerosol pollution. Black carbon (BC) concentrations over different timescales, including weekly and diurnal, are studied during four seasons of 2019–2020 at urban background site. Seasonal BC varies from 0.9 to 25.5 μg/m...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/4/563 |
| _version_ | 1797436935220756480 |
|---|---|
| author | Olga Popovicheva Marina Chichaeva Roman Kovach Ekaterina Zhdanova Nikalay Kasimov |
| author_facet | Olga Popovicheva Marina Chichaeva Roman Kovach Ekaterina Zhdanova Nikalay Kasimov |
| author_sort | Olga Popovicheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Moscow megacity has a big gap in assessment of air quality, resulting in severe aerosol pollution. Black carbon (BC) concentrations over different timescales, including weekly and diurnal, are studied during four seasons of 2019–2020 at urban background site. Seasonal BC varies from 0.9 to 25.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> with a mean of 1.7 ± 1.4 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. Maximum mean BC equal to 2.2 ± 1.8 μg/m<sup>3</sup> was observed in spring. Diurnal trends of black carbon concentrations differ in spring/summer and autumn/winter periods, they exhibit morning and evening peaks corresponding to traffic combined with the boundary layer height effect. The weekly cycle of BC characterizes the highest amount of combustion-related pollution on working days and the characteristics of population migration from a city for weekend. Seasonal pollution roses show the direction of the highest BC contamination. For identification of BC sources relating to traffic, heat and power plants, and industry around the site, polar plots are used. The spectral dependence of the aerosol light attenuation provides the estimate for Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE). We use the AAE above 1.3 and high frequency of AAE observation above 1 in order to support the assessment for a contribution of biomass burning in the region around Moscow in autumn and winter as well as of agriculture fires and wildfires in warm seasons. Air masses arriving to a city from fire-affected regions in spring and summer impact urban air pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-142ee0d434164ce3be288d6fd9b4958d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-142ee0d434164ce3be288d6fd9b4958d2023-12-01T00:46:40ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-03-0113456310.3390/atmos13040563Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional SourcesOlga Popovicheva0Marina Chichaeva1Roman Kovach2Ekaterina Zhdanova3Nikalay Kasimov4Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaFaculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaMoscow megacity has a big gap in assessment of air quality, resulting in severe aerosol pollution. Black carbon (BC) concentrations over different timescales, including weekly and diurnal, are studied during four seasons of 2019–2020 at urban background site. Seasonal BC varies from 0.9 to 25.5 μg/m<sup>3</sup> with a mean of 1.7 ± 1.4 μg/m<sup>3</sup>. Maximum mean BC equal to 2.2 ± 1.8 μg/m<sup>3</sup> was observed in spring. Diurnal trends of black carbon concentrations differ in spring/summer and autumn/winter periods, they exhibit morning and evening peaks corresponding to traffic combined with the boundary layer height effect. The weekly cycle of BC characterizes the highest amount of combustion-related pollution on working days and the characteristics of population migration from a city for weekend. Seasonal pollution roses show the direction of the highest BC contamination. For identification of BC sources relating to traffic, heat and power plants, and industry around the site, polar plots are used. The spectral dependence of the aerosol light attenuation provides the estimate for Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE). We use the AAE above 1.3 and high frequency of AAE observation above 1 in order to support the assessment for a contribution of biomass burning in the region around Moscow in autumn and winter as well as of agriculture fires and wildfires in warm seasons. Air masses arriving to a city from fire-affected regions in spring and summer impact urban air pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/4/563atmospheric chemistryblack carbondiurnal trendtrafficbiomass burningagriculture fires |
| spellingShingle | Olga Popovicheva Marina Chichaeva Roman Kovach Ekaterina Zhdanova Nikalay Kasimov Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources Atmosphere atmospheric chemistry black carbon diurnal trend traffic biomass burning agriculture fires |
| title | Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources |
| title_full | Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources |
| title_short | Seasonal, Weekly, and Diurnal Black Carbon in Moscow Megacity Background under Impact of Urban and Regional Sources |
| title_sort | seasonal weekly and diurnal black carbon in moscow megacity background under impact of urban and regional sources |
| topic | atmospheric chemistry black carbon diurnal trend traffic biomass burning agriculture fires |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/4/563 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olgapopovicheva seasonalweeklyanddiurnalblackcarboninmoscowmegacitybackgroundunderimpactofurbanandregionalsources AT marinachichaeva seasonalweeklyanddiurnalblackcarboninmoscowmegacitybackgroundunderimpactofurbanandregionalsources AT romankovach seasonalweeklyanddiurnalblackcarboninmoscowmegacitybackgroundunderimpactofurbanandregionalsources AT ekaterinazhdanova seasonalweeklyanddiurnalblackcarboninmoscowmegacitybackgroundunderimpactofurbanandregionalsources AT nikalaykasimov seasonalweeklyanddiurnalblackcarboninmoscowmegacitybackgroundunderimpactofurbanandregionalsources |