Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
Abstract Although Chaenomeles is widely used in horticulture, traditional Chinese medicine and landscape greening, insufficient research has hindered its breeding and seed selection. This study investigated the floral phenology, floral organ characteristics, palynology, and breeding systems of Chaen...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57655-1 |
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| author | Xianqin Wan Dongchan Sun Chao Gao |
| author_facet | Xianqin Wan Dongchan Sun Chao Gao |
| author_sort | Xianqin Wan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Although Chaenomeles is widely used in horticulture, traditional Chinese medicine and landscape greening, insufficient research has hindered its breeding and seed selection. This study investigated the floral phenology, floral organ characteristics, palynology, and breeding systems of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. The floral characteristics of C. speciosa were observed both visually and stereoscopically. The microstructures of the flower organs were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Pollen stainability was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Stigma receptivity was determined using the benzidine-H2O2 method and the post-artificial pollination pollen germination method. The breeding system was assessed based on the outcrossing index and pollen–ovule ratio. The flowers of C. speciosa were bisexual with a flowering period from March to April. The flowering periods of single flowers ranged from 8 to 19 d, and those of single plants lasted 18–20 d. The anthers were cylindrical, with the base attached to the filament, and were split longitudinally to release pollen. The flower had five styles, with a connate base. The ovaries had five carpels and five compartments. The inverted ovules were arranged in two rows on the placental axis. The stigma of C. speciosa was dry and had many papillary protrusions. In the early flowering stage (1–2 d of flowering), the pollen exhibited high stainability (up to 84.24%), but all stainability was lost at 7 d of flowering. Storage at – 20 °C effectively delayed pollen inactivation. The stigma receptivity of C. speciosa lasted for approximately 7 days, and the breeding system was classified as outcrossing with partial self-compatibility. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:17:15Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-143180a989964757ae9303dfb736d3972024-03-31T11:20:48ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-03-0114111610.1038/s41598-024-57655-1Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) NakaiXianqin Wan0Dongchan Sun1Chao Gao2Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou UniversityInstitute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou UniversityInstitute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou UniversityAbstract Although Chaenomeles is widely used in horticulture, traditional Chinese medicine and landscape greening, insufficient research has hindered its breeding and seed selection. This study investigated the floral phenology, floral organ characteristics, palynology, and breeding systems of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. The floral characteristics of C. speciosa were observed both visually and stereoscopically. The microstructures of the flower organs were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Pollen stainability was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Stigma receptivity was determined using the benzidine-H2O2 method and the post-artificial pollination pollen germination method. The breeding system was assessed based on the outcrossing index and pollen–ovule ratio. The flowers of C. speciosa were bisexual with a flowering period from March to April. The flowering periods of single flowers ranged from 8 to 19 d, and those of single plants lasted 18–20 d. The anthers were cylindrical, with the base attached to the filament, and were split longitudinally to release pollen. The flower had five styles, with a connate base. The ovaries had five carpels and five compartments. The inverted ovules were arranged in two rows on the placental axis. The stigma of C. speciosa was dry and had many papillary protrusions. In the early flowering stage (1–2 d of flowering), the pollen exhibited high stainability (up to 84.24%), but all stainability was lost at 7 d of flowering. Storage at – 20 °C effectively delayed pollen inactivation. The stigma receptivity of C. speciosa lasted for approximately 7 days, and the breeding system was classified as outcrossing with partial self-compatibility.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57655-1Chaenomeles speciosaFlowering phenologyBreeding systemPollen |
| spellingShingle | Xianqin Wan Dongchan Sun Chao Gao Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai Scientific Reports Chaenomeles speciosa Flowering phenology Breeding system Pollen |
| title | Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai |
| title_full | Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai |
| title_fullStr | Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai |
| title_short | Flower opening dynamics, pollen-ovule ratio, stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination (in-vivo) in Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai |
| title_sort | flower opening dynamics pollen ovule ratio stigma receptivity and stigmatic pollen germination in vivo in chaenomeles speciosa sweet nakai |
| topic | Chaenomeles speciosa Flowering phenology Breeding system Pollen |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57655-1 |
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