Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts
Tick-borne zoonoses pose a serious burden to global public health. To understand the distribution and determinants of these diseases, the many entangled environment–vector–host interactions which influence risk must be considered. Previous studies have evaluated how passive tick testing surveillance...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1418 |
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| author | Eric L. Siegel Nathalie Lavoie Guang Xu Catherine M. Brown Michel Ledizet Stephen M. Rich |
| author_facet | Eric L. Siegel Nathalie Lavoie Guang Xu Catherine M. Brown Michel Ledizet Stephen M. Rich |
| author_sort | Eric L. Siegel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tick-borne zoonoses pose a serious burden to global public health. To understand the distribution and determinants of these diseases, the many entangled environment–vector–host interactions which influence risk must be considered. Previous studies have evaluated how passive tick testing surveillance measures connect with the incidence of human Lyme disease. The present study sought to extend this to babesiosis and anaplasmosis, two rare tick-borne diseases. Human cases reported to the Massachusetts Department of Health and submissions to TickReport tick testing services between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Moderate-to-strong town-level correlations using Spearman’s Rho (ρ) were established between <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> submissions (total, infected, adult, and nymphal) and human disease. Aggregated ρ values ranged from 0.708 to 0.830 for anaplasmosis and 0.552 to 0.684 for babesiosis. Point observations maintained similar patterns but were slightly weaker, with mild year-to-year variation. The seasonality of tick submissions and demographics of bite victims also correlated well with reported disease. Future studies should assess how this information may best complement human disease reporting and entomological surveys as proxies for Lyme disease incidence in intervention studies, and how it may be used to better understand the dynamics of human–tick encounters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:07:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1435d45119064e3cb49cda41532405f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:07:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-1435d45119064e3cb49cda41532405f42023-11-18T11:41:40ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-05-01116141810.3390/microorganisms11061418Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in MassachusettsEric L. Siegel0Nathalie Lavoie1Guang Xu2Catherine M. Brown3Michel Ledizet4Stephen M. Rich5Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USAGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USALaboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USAMassachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02108, USAL2 Diagnostics, LLC, New Haven, CT 06511, USALaboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USATick-borne zoonoses pose a serious burden to global public health. To understand the distribution and determinants of these diseases, the many entangled environment–vector–host interactions which influence risk must be considered. Previous studies have evaluated how passive tick testing surveillance measures connect with the incidence of human Lyme disease. The present study sought to extend this to babesiosis and anaplasmosis, two rare tick-borne diseases. Human cases reported to the Massachusetts Department of Health and submissions to TickReport tick testing services between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Moderate-to-strong town-level correlations using Spearman’s Rho (ρ) were established between <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> submissions (total, infected, adult, and nymphal) and human disease. Aggregated ρ values ranged from 0.708 to 0.830 for anaplasmosis and 0.552 to 0.684 for babesiosis. Point observations maintained similar patterns but were slightly weaker, with mild year-to-year variation. The seasonality of tick submissions and demographics of bite victims also correlated well with reported disease. Future studies should assess how this information may best complement human disease reporting and entomological surveys as proxies for Lyme disease incidence in intervention studies, and how it may be used to better understand the dynamics of human–tick encounters.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1418anaplasmosisbabesiosispassive surveillancetick-borne diseases |
| spellingShingle | Eric L. Siegel Nathalie Lavoie Guang Xu Catherine M. Brown Michel Ledizet Stephen M. Rich Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts Microorganisms anaplasmosis babesiosis passive surveillance tick-borne diseases |
| title | Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts |
| title_full | Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts |
| title_fullStr | Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts |
| title_short | Human-Biting <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> Submissions to a Crowd-Funded Tick Testing Program Correlate with the Incidence of Rare Tick-Borne Disease: A Seven-Year Retrospective Study of Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis in Massachusetts |
| title_sort | human biting i ixodes scapularis i submissions to a crowd funded tick testing program correlate with the incidence of rare tick borne disease a seven year retrospective study of anaplasmosis and babesiosis in massachusetts |
| topic | anaplasmosis babesiosis passive surveillance tick-borne diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1418 |
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