Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study
BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the relationship between the timing of physical activity and within-individual differences in depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in individuals with different baseline levels of depressive symptoms.MethodsExperience sampling methodology (E...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920580/full |
| _version_ | 1797738163034128384 |
|---|---|
| author | Yu-Mei Li Kenn Konstabel Kenn Konstabel René Mõttus René Mõttus Sakari Lemola Sakari Lemola |
| author_facet | Yu-Mei Li Kenn Konstabel Kenn Konstabel René Mõttus René Mõttus Sakari Lemola Sakari Lemola |
| author_sort | Yu-Mei Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the relationship between the timing of physical activity and within-individual differences in depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in individuals with different baseline levels of depressive symptoms.MethodsExperience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to measure real-time depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in a convenience sample of 78 healthy adults (aged M = 25.46 years, SD = 6.18; 57 females) five times per day for 14 days. We measured physical activity throughout the 14 days by using activity sensors. Baseline levels of depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 to build subgroups with low vs. mild-moderate depressive symptoms.ResultsPhysical activity predicted decreased depressive symptom levels, negative affect, and increased positive affect. Associations were stronger for individuals with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms and for physical activity between 0 and 30 min compared to physical activity between 30 and 180 min before the mood rating. Conversely, levels of depressive symptoms, positive and negative affect did not predict physical activity.LimitationsThe convenience sample may not have been representative of the general population or people with depression. Accelerometers may not have detected some types of physical activities such as bicycling. Causality could not be inferred because of the observational study design.ConclusionIndividuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms may benefit from physical activity. While the effects were strongest for physical activity immediately before the mood ratings, the effects were in the same direction for up to 3 h before the mood ratings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:39:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1436d674cd7b4abd86dd0118eed2721d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:39:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-1436d674cd7b4abd86dd0118eed2721d2023-08-23T22:18:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402022-07-011310.3389/fpsyt.2022.920580920580Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling studyYu-Mei Li0Kenn Konstabel1Kenn Konstabel2René Mõttus3René Mõttus4Sakari Lemola5Sakari Lemola6Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, GermanyNational Institute of Health Development, Tallinn, EstoniaDepartment of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomDepartment of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, GermanyDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomBackgroundThis study aimed to examine the relationship between the timing of physical activity and within-individual differences in depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in individuals with different baseline levels of depressive symptoms.MethodsExperience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to measure real-time depressive symptoms, positive affect, and negative affect in a convenience sample of 78 healthy adults (aged M = 25.46 years, SD = 6.18; 57 females) five times per day for 14 days. We measured physical activity throughout the 14 days by using activity sensors. Baseline levels of depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 to build subgroups with low vs. mild-moderate depressive symptoms.ResultsPhysical activity predicted decreased depressive symptom levels, negative affect, and increased positive affect. Associations were stronger for individuals with higher baseline levels of depressive symptoms and for physical activity between 0 and 30 min compared to physical activity between 30 and 180 min before the mood rating. Conversely, levels of depressive symptoms, positive and negative affect did not predict physical activity.LimitationsThe convenience sample may not have been representative of the general population or people with depression. Accelerometers may not have detected some types of physical activities such as bicycling. Causality could not be inferred because of the observational study design.ConclusionIndividuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms may benefit from physical activity. While the effects were strongest for physical activity immediately before the mood ratings, the effects were in the same direction for up to 3 h before the mood ratings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920580/fullexperience sampling method (ESM)physical activityaccelerometrynegative affectpositive affectdepressive symptoms |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Mei Li Kenn Konstabel Kenn Konstabel René Mõttus René Mõttus Sakari Lemola Sakari Lemola Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study Frontiers in Psychiatry experience sampling method (ESM) physical activity accelerometry negative affect positive affect depressive symptoms |
| title | Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study |
| title_full | Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study |
| title_fullStr | Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study |
| title_short | Temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms: An experience sampling study |
| title_sort | temporal associations between objectively measured physical activity and depressive symptoms an experience sampling study |
| topic | experience sampling method (ESM) physical activity accelerometry negative affect positive affect depressive symptoms |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.920580/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yumeili temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy AT kennkonstabel temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy AT kennkonstabel temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy AT renemottus temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy AT renemottus temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy AT sakarilemola temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy AT sakarilemola temporalassociationsbetweenobjectivelymeasuredphysicalactivityanddepressivesymptomsanexperiencesamplingstudy |