Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia
<p>Atmospheric ice nucleation plays an important role in modulating the global hydrological cycle and atmospheric radiation balance. To date, few comprehensive field observations of ice nuclei have been carried out at high-altitude sites, which are close to the height of mixed-phase cloud form...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/3241/2024/acp-24-3241-2024.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797261688733433856 |
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| author | Y. Sun Y. Zhu Y. Qi L. Chen J. Mu Y. Shan Y. Yang Y. Nie P. Liu C. Cui J. Zhang M. Liu L. Zhang Y. Wang X. Wang M. Tang W. Wang L. Xue |
| author_facet | Y. Sun Y. Zhu Y. Qi L. Chen J. Mu Y. Shan Y. Yang Y. Nie P. Liu C. Cui J. Zhang M. Liu L. Zhang Y. Wang X. Wang M. Tang W. Wang L. Xue |
| author_sort | Y. Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Atmospheric ice nucleation plays an important role in modulating the global hydrological cycle and atmospheric radiation balance. To date, few comprehensive field observations of ice nuclei have been carried out at high-altitude sites, which are close to the height of mixed-phase cloud formation. In this study, we measured the concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the immersion freezing mode at the summit of the Changbai Mountains (2623 m above sea level), northeast Asia, in summer 2021. The cumulative number concentration of INPs varied from 1.6 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> to 78.3 L<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> over the temperature range of <span class="inline-formula">−</span>5.5 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>29.0 °C. Proteinaceous-based biological materials accounted for the majority of INPs, with the proportion of biological INPs (bio-INPs) exceeding 67 % across the entire freezing-temperature range, with this proportion even exceeding 90 % above <span class="inline-formula">−</span>13.0 °C. At freezing temperatures ranging from <span class="inline-formula">−</span>11.0 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>8.0 °C, bio-INPs were found to significantly correlate with wind speed (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.5–0.8, <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span> <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 0.05) and Ca<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2+</sup></span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.6–0.9), and good but not significant correlation was found with isoprene (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.6–0.7) and its oxidation products (isoprene <span class="inline-formula">×</span> O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.7), suggesting that biological aerosols may attach to or mix with soil dust and contribute to INPs. During the daytime, bio-INPs showed a positive correlation with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height at freezing temperatures ranging from <span class="inline-formula">−</span>22.0 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>19.5 °C (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">></span> 0.7, <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span> <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 0.05), with the valley breezes from southern mountainous regions also influencing the concentration of INPs. Moreover, the long-distance transport of air mass from the Japan Sea and South Korea significantly contributed to the high concentrations of bio-INPs. Our study emphasizes the important role of biological sources of INPs in the high-altitude atmosphere of northeastern Asia and the significant contribution of long-range transport to the INP concentrations in this region.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:45:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1444ad985c58463b9ca1ab0f87972020 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:45:12Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1444ad985c58463b9ca1ab0f879720202024-03-15T05:41:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242024-03-01243241325610.5194/acp-24-3241-2024Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern AsiaY. Sun0Y. Zhu1Y. Qi2L. Chen3J. Mu4Y. Shan5Y. Yang6Y. Nie7P. Liu8C. Cui9J. Zhang10M. Liu11L. Zhang12Y. Wang13X. Wang14M. Tang15W. Wang16L. Xue17Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaJilin Provincial Technology Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Changchun 130062, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaChangbai Mountain Meteorological Observatory, An Tu, Jilin 133613, ChinaJilin Provincial Technology Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Changchun 130062, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEnvironment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China<p>Atmospheric ice nucleation plays an important role in modulating the global hydrological cycle and atmospheric radiation balance. To date, few comprehensive field observations of ice nuclei have been carried out at high-altitude sites, which are close to the height of mixed-phase cloud formation. In this study, we measured the concentration of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) in the immersion freezing mode at the summit of the Changbai Mountains (2623 m above sea level), northeast Asia, in summer 2021. The cumulative number concentration of INPs varied from 1.6 <span class="inline-formula">×</span> 10<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> to 78.3 L<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> over the temperature range of <span class="inline-formula">−</span>5.5 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>29.0 °C. Proteinaceous-based biological materials accounted for the majority of INPs, with the proportion of biological INPs (bio-INPs) exceeding 67 % across the entire freezing-temperature range, with this proportion even exceeding 90 % above <span class="inline-formula">−</span>13.0 °C. At freezing temperatures ranging from <span class="inline-formula">−</span>11.0 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>8.0 °C, bio-INPs were found to significantly correlate with wind speed (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.5–0.8, <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span> <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 0.05) and Ca<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2+</sup></span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.6–0.9), and good but not significant correlation was found with isoprene (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.6–0.7) and its oxidation products (isoprene <span class="inline-formula">×</span> O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 0.7), suggesting that biological aerosols may attach to or mix with soil dust and contribute to INPs. During the daytime, bio-INPs showed a positive correlation with the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height at freezing temperatures ranging from <span class="inline-formula">−</span>22.0 to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>19.5 °C (<span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i></span> <span class="inline-formula">></span> 0.7, <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span> <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 0.05), with the valley breezes from southern mountainous regions also influencing the concentration of INPs. Moreover, the long-distance transport of air mass from the Japan Sea and South Korea significantly contributed to the high concentrations of bio-INPs. Our study emphasizes the important role of biological sources of INPs in the high-altitude atmosphere of northeastern Asia and the significant contribution of long-range transport to the INP concentrations in this region.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/3241/2024/acp-24-3241-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Sun Y. Zhu Y. Qi L. Chen J. Mu Y. Shan Y. Yang Y. Nie P. Liu C. Cui J. Zhang M. Liu L. Zhang Y. Wang X. Wang M. Tang W. Wang L. Xue Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia |
| title_full | Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia |
| title_fullStr | Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia |
| title_short | Measurement report: Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Changbai Mountains (2623 m a.s.l.) in northeastern Asia |
| title_sort | measurement report atmospheric ice nuclei in the changbai mountains 2623 thinsp m thinsp a s l in northeastern asia |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/3241/2024/acp-24-3241-2024.pdf |
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