Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, while tissue ischemia caused by impaired vasodilatory response to plantar pressure is thought to be a major factor of the development of DFUs, which has been assessed using various measures of skin blood flow (SBF) in the time...
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MDPI AG
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/2/127 |
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| author | Fuyuan Liao Gladys L. Y. Cheing Weiyan Ren Sanjiv Jain Yih-Kuen Jan |
| author_facet | Fuyuan Liao Gladys L. Y. Cheing Weiyan Ren Sanjiv Jain Yih-Kuen Jan |
| author_sort | Fuyuan Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, while tissue ischemia caused by impaired vasodilatory response to plantar pressure is thought to be a major factor of the development of DFUs, which has been assessed using various measures of skin blood flow (SBF) in the time or frequency domain. These measures, however, are incapable of characterizing nonlinear dynamics of SBF, which is an indicator of pathologic alterations of microcirculation in the diabetic foot. This study recruited 18 type 2 diabetics with peripheral neuropathy and eight healthy controls. SBF at the first metatarsal head in response to locally applied pressure and heating was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. A multiscale entropy algorithm was utilized to quantify the regularity degree of the SBF responses. The results showed that during reactive hyperemia and thermally induced biphasic response, the regularity degree of SBF in diabetics underwent only small changes compared to baseline and significantly differed from that in controls at multiple scales (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the transition of regularity degree of SBF in diabetics distinctively differed from that in controls (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that multiscale entropy could provide a more comprehensive assessment of impaired microvascular reactivity in the diabetic foot compared to other entropy measures based on only a single scale, which strengthens the use of plantar SBF dynamics to assess the risk for DFU. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:15:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-1450e72bb58a43c4987bbeafae7be783 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:15:25Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1450e72bb58a43c4987bbeafae7be7832022-12-22T02:54:48ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002018-02-0120212710.3390/e20020127e20020127Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral NeuropathyFuyuan Liao0Gladys L. Y. Cheing1Weiyan Ren2Sanjiv Jain3Yih-Kuen Jan4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, ChinaRehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 South Fourth Street, MC-588, Champaign, IL 61820, USADepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carle Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USARehabilitation Engineering Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 South Fourth Street, MC-588, Champaign, IL 61820, USADiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, while tissue ischemia caused by impaired vasodilatory response to plantar pressure is thought to be a major factor of the development of DFUs, which has been assessed using various measures of skin blood flow (SBF) in the time or frequency domain. These measures, however, are incapable of characterizing nonlinear dynamics of SBF, which is an indicator of pathologic alterations of microcirculation in the diabetic foot. This study recruited 18 type 2 diabetics with peripheral neuropathy and eight healthy controls. SBF at the first metatarsal head in response to locally applied pressure and heating was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. A multiscale entropy algorithm was utilized to quantify the regularity degree of the SBF responses. The results showed that during reactive hyperemia and thermally induced biphasic response, the regularity degree of SBF in diabetics underwent only small changes compared to baseline and significantly differed from that in controls at multiple scales (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the transition of regularity degree of SBF in diabetics distinctively differed from that in controls (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that multiscale entropy could provide a more comprehensive assessment of impaired microvascular reactivity in the diabetic foot compared to other entropy measures based on only a single scale, which strengthens the use of plantar SBF dynamics to assess the risk for DFU.http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/2/127multiscale entropyregularityskin blood flowdiabetic foot ulcers |
| spellingShingle | Fuyuan Liao Gladys L. Y. Cheing Weiyan Ren Sanjiv Jain Yih-Kuen Jan Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy Entropy multiscale entropy regularity skin blood flow diabetic foot ulcers |
| title | Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy |
| title_full | Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy |
| title_fullStr | Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy |
| title_short | Application of Multiscale Entropy in Assessing Plantar Skin Blood Flow Dynamics in Diabetics with Peripheral Neuropathy |
| title_sort | application of multiscale entropy in assessing plantar skin blood flow dynamics in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy |
| topic | multiscale entropy regularity skin blood flow diabetic foot ulcers |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/2/127 |
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