Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications
The internal negative electrode potential in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is intricately linked to the lithium-ion intercalation and plating reactions occurring within the cell. With the expansion of cell sizes, the internal negative electrode potential distribution gradually becomes inconsistent. H...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/12/563 |
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| author | Yu Wang Shuoyuan Mao Quanwei Chen Fei Chen Xue Zhang Minggao Ouyang Xuebing Han Yuejiu Zheng |
| author_facet | Yu Wang Shuoyuan Mao Quanwei Chen Fei Chen Xue Zhang Minggao Ouyang Xuebing Han Yuejiu Zheng |
| author_sort | Yu Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The internal negative electrode potential in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is intricately linked to the lithium-ion intercalation and plating reactions occurring within the cell. With the expansion of cell sizes, the internal negative electrode potential distribution gradually becomes inconsistent. However, the existing negative electrode potential estimation models and fast charging strategies have not yet considered the impact of consistency, and the model estimation accuracy will be greatly influenced by different temperatures and charging rates. This study proposes an online lithium-free fast charging equivalent circuit model (OLFEM) for estimating the negative electrode potential terminal voltage and developing fast charging strategies of long-dimensional LIBs in real vehicles. This study employs distributed reference electrodes integrated into long-dimensional LIBs and compares the negative electrode potential measured in the vicinity of both the negative and positive tabs. Subsequently, based on the lowest negative electrode potential point, model parameters were obtained at different temperatures and charging rates. This model is further verified under different operating conditions. Finally, a fast-charging strategy without lithium plating is developed in real-time based on the negative electrode potential estimated by the model. The results demonstrate that long-dimensional cells exhibit a lower negative electrode potential on the positive tab side. Across various temperatures and charging rates, the calibrated model achieves a negative electrode potential estimated error within 25 mV, and the estimation error for terminal voltage is within 5 mV. The proposed fast-charging method prevents lithium plating and charges the cell up to 96.8% within an hour. After 100 cycles, the cell experiences a capacity degradation of less than 2%, and the disassembly results indicate that no lithium precipitation has occurred. The methods outlined in this study provide valuable insights for online fast charging of large-dimensional batteries without lithium plating. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:59:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1453b4bd3c434aa7938de53a491ceaea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:59:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-1453b4bd3c434aa7938de53a491ceaea2023-12-22T13:53:22ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-11-0191256310.3390/batteries9120563Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive ApplicationsYu Wang0Shuoyuan Mao1Quanwei Chen2Fei Chen3Xue Zhang4Minggao Ouyang5Xuebing Han6Yuejiu Zheng7School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaThe internal negative electrode potential in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is intricately linked to the lithium-ion intercalation and plating reactions occurring within the cell. With the expansion of cell sizes, the internal negative electrode potential distribution gradually becomes inconsistent. However, the existing negative electrode potential estimation models and fast charging strategies have not yet considered the impact of consistency, and the model estimation accuracy will be greatly influenced by different temperatures and charging rates. This study proposes an online lithium-free fast charging equivalent circuit model (OLFEM) for estimating the negative electrode potential terminal voltage and developing fast charging strategies of long-dimensional LIBs in real vehicles. This study employs distributed reference electrodes integrated into long-dimensional LIBs and compares the negative electrode potential measured in the vicinity of both the negative and positive tabs. Subsequently, based on the lowest negative electrode potential point, model parameters were obtained at different temperatures and charging rates. This model is further verified under different operating conditions. Finally, a fast-charging strategy without lithium plating is developed in real-time based on the negative electrode potential estimated by the model. The results demonstrate that long-dimensional cells exhibit a lower negative electrode potential on the positive tab side. Across various temperatures and charging rates, the calibrated model achieves a negative electrode potential estimated error within 25 mV, and the estimation error for terminal voltage is within 5 mV. The proposed fast-charging method prevents lithium plating and charges the cell up to 96.8% within an hour. After 100 cycles, the cell experiences a capacity degradation of less than 2%, and the disassembly results indicate that no lithium precipitation has occurred. The methods outlined in this study provide valuable insights for online fast charging of large-dimensional batteries without lithium plating.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/12/563internal negative electrode potentiallarge-dimensional LIBsdistributed reference electrodesfast charging modellithium plating |
| spellingShingle | Yu Wang Shuoyuan Mao Quanwei Chen Fei Chen Xue Zhang Minggao Ouyang Xuebing Han Yuejiu Zheng Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications Batteries internal negative electrode potential large-dimensional LIBs distributed reference electrodes fast charging model lithium plating |
| title | Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications |
| title_full | Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications |
| title_fullStr | Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications |
| title_short | Online Fast Charging Model without Lithium Plating for Long-Dimensional Cells in Automotive Applications |
| title_sort | online fast charging model without lithium plating for long dimensional cells in automotive applications |
| topic | internal negative electrode potential large-dimensional LIBs distributed reference electrodes fast charging model lithium plating |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/12/563 |
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