Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China
There are many celestine deposits and mineralization points in the Huayingshan ore district which form the largest strontium resource base in China. Among these celestine deposits, the Yuxia and Xinglong are two of the larger deposits. Previous studies have displayed different views on the genesis o...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/2/279 |
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| author | Yun Gao Yan Sun Denghong Wang Bailin Chen Wenshuai Gu |
| author_facet | Yun Gao Yan Sun Denghong Wang Bailin Chen Wenshuai Gu |
| author_sort | Yun Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are many celestine deposits and mineralization points in the Huayingshan ore district which form the largest strontium resource base in China. Among these celestine deposits, the Yuxia and Xinglong are two of the larger deposits. Previous studies have displayed different views on the genesis of the celestine deposit in the Huayingshan ore district. In this study, we conducted field obversions, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion studies to investigate the sources of ore-forming matters and the metallogenic mechanism of the celestine deposit. Four types of fluid inclusion (FI), namely PL (pure liquid FI), PV (pure vapor FI), L-V (liquid-vapor two-phase FI), and L-V-S (liquid-vapor-solid three-phase FI) have been identified in celestine from different types of ore in the Xishan anticline. The ore-forming fluids belong to the NaCl-H<sub>2</sub> O system with moderate to low temperature (190–220 °C) and moderate salinity (5–9 wt%, NaCl equiv.). Different types of ores were formed by the same period of hydrothermal activity, which is supported by the results of the microthermometer study. Geological, thermometric data, and published hydrogen and oxygen isotope results indicate that the hot brines associated with mineralization mainly originated from meteoric water and some of diagenetic fluid. The Sr (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr = 0.7076–0.7078) and S (δ<sup>34</sup>S = 36.4–39.0) isotope values of celestine are consistent with those of the Jialingjiang Formation, indicating that ore metals in hot brines were predominantly derived from that formation. In situ analysis of celestine shows that there is a strong negative correlation between Sr and CaO (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95) and combined with mineralogical and isotope geochemical evidence, we concluded that the precipitation mechanism of celestine is the replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines. Based on the above research and the classification of celestine deposit type, we classified the celestine deposits in Huayingshan as being of hydrothermal type. The formation of celestine deposits can be divided into three periods: (1) evaporation period, forming the source bed; (2) hydrothermal activity period, forming celestine by replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines; (3) supergene period, where meteoric water dissolves orebodies and strontianization occurs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:21:46Z |
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| id | doaj.art-14588853da7e4f8994e7f960171c53fc |
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| spelling | doaj.art-14588853da7e4f8994e7f960171c53fc2023-11-16T22:19:19ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-02-0113227910.3390/min13020279Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South ChinaYun Gao0Yan Sun1Denghong Wang2Bailin Chen3Wenshuai Gu4State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 102628, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, ChinaKey Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China205 Geological Team, Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Chongqing 402160, ChinaThere are many celestine deposits and mineralization points in the Huayingshan ore district which form the largest strontium resource base in China. Among these celestine deposits, the Yuxia and Xinglong are two of the larger deposits. Previous studies have displayed different views on the genesis of the celestine deposit in the Huayingshan ore district. In this study, we conducted field obversions, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion studies to investigate the sources of ore-forming matters and the metallogenic mechanism of the celestine deposit. Four types of fluid inclusion (FI), namely PL (pure liquid FI), PV (pure vapor FI), L-V (liquid-vapor two-phase FI), and L-V-S (liquid-vapor-solid three-phase FI) have been identified in celestine from different types of ore in the Xishan anticline. The ore-forming fluids belong to the NaCl-H<sub>2</sub> O system with moderate to low temperature (190–220 °C) and moderate salinity (5–9 wt%, NaCl equiv.). Different types of ores were formed by the same period of hydrothermal activity, which is supported by the results of the microthermometer study. Geological, thermometric data, and published hydrogen and oxygen isotope results indicate that the hot brines associated with mineralization mainly originated from meteoric water and some of diagenetic fluid. The Sr (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr = 0.7076–0.7078) and S (δ<sup>34</sup>S = 36.4–39.0) isotope values of celestine are consistent with those of the Jialingjiang Formation, indicating that ore metals in hot brines were predominantly derived from that formation. In situ analysis of celestine shows that there is a strong negative correlation between Sr and CaO (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95) and combined with mineralogical and isotope geochemical evidence, we concluded that the precipitation mechanism of celestine is the replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines. Based on the above research and the classification of celestine deposit type, we classified the celestine deposits in Huayingshan as being of hydrothermal type. The formation of celestine deposits can be divided into three periods: (1) evaporation period, forming the source bed; (2) hydrothermal activity period, forming celestine by replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines; (3) supergene period, where meteoric water dissolves orebodies and strontianization occurs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/2/279celestine depositstrontium isotopesulfur isotopefluid inclusionTriassicHuayingshan |
| spellingShingle | Yun Gao Yan Sun Denghong Wang Bailin Chen Wenshuai Gu Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China Minerals celestine deposit strontium isotope sulfur isotope fluid inclusion Triassic Huayingshan |
| title | Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China |
| title_full | Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China |
| title_fullStr | Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China |
| title_short | Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China |
| title_sort | geological and geochemical constraints on the origin of the sr mineralization in huayingshan ore district chongqing south china |
| topic | celestine deposit strontium isotope sulfur isotope fluid inclusion Triassic Huayingshan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/2/279 |
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