Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
The occurrence of immuno-compromised status in animals with zearalenone (ZEA) exposure may be a critical contributor to associated mucosal (gastrointestinal tract) diseases. However, it is difficult to assess the associated risks with limited reference data. This study comprehensively discussed the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321008988 |
| _version_ | 1818648898841870336 |
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| author | Hong-Yun Zhang Ya-Li Wang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Wei-Dan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Lu Zhang Hai-Feng Mi Jun Jiang Sheng-Yao Kuang Ling Tang Lin Feng |
| author_facet | Hong-Yun Zhang Ya-Li Wang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Wei-Dan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Lu Zhang Hai-Feng Mi Jun Jiang Sheng-Yao Kuang Ling Tang Lin Feng |
| author_sort | Hong-Yun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The occurrence of immuno-compromised status in animals with zearalenone (ZEA) exposure may be a critical contributor to associated mucosal (gastrointestinal tract) diseases. However, it is difficult to assess the associated risks with limited reference data. This study comprehensively discussed the effects of ZEA on intestinal immune components, cytokines and molecular mechanism of juvenile grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Specifically, the fish were fed six graded levels of dietary ZEA (0–2507 μg kg−1 diet) for 70 d. The results pointed out that the average residual amount of ZEA in the intestines increased with dose level after ZEA feeding. We further performed an infection assay using A. hydrophila. After 14 d, ZEA groups increased enteritis morbidity rate compared with controls. The acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZ) activities and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content were significantly decreased in three intestinal segments. Furthermore, ZEA could reduce the transcription of β-defensin-1, Hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A/2B (LEAP-2A/2B) and Mucin-2. We next confirmed the loss of these immune components accompanied by the invasion of the intestinal barrier by bacteria, as indicated by activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the expression of downstream cytokines. Notably, the phosphorylated target of rapamycin (TOR) plays an important role in regulating these genes, thus indicating a possible target caused by ZEA. In summary, the extensive inhibition of immune components by ZEA promotes the spread of pathogens, which may increase the possibility of intestinal mucosa exposure and the risk of transforming disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:25:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-146d71edc37744dcae841c5ea443971f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:25:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-146d71edc37744dcae841c5ea443971f2022-12-21T22:08:41ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132021-12-01225112786Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella)Hong-Yun Zhang0Ya-Li Wang1Xiao-Qiu Zhou2Wei-Dan Jiang3Pei Wu4Yang Liu5Lu Zhang6Hai-Feng Mi7Jun Jiang8Sheng-Yao Kuang9Ling Tang10Lin Feng11Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China; Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTongwei Research Institute, Chengdu 600438, ChinaTongwei Research Institute, Chengdu 600438, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, ChinaAnimal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China; Correspondence to: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.The occurrence of immuno-compromised status in animals with zearalenone (ZEA) exposure may be a critical contributor to associated mucosal (gastrointestinal tract) diseases. However, it is difficult to assess the associated risks with limited reference data. This study comprehensively discussed the effects of ZEA on intestinal immune components, cytokines and molecular mechanism of juvenile grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Specifically, the fish were fed six graded levels of dietary ZEA (0–2507 μg kg−1 diet) for 70 d. The results pointed out that the average residual amount of ZEA in the intestines increased with dose level after ZEA feeding. We further performed an infection assay using A. hydrophila. After 14 d, ZEA groups increased enteritis morbidity rate compared with controls. The acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZ) activities and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content were significantly decreased in three intestinal segments. Furthermore, ZEA could reduce the transcription of β-defensin-1, Hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A/2B (LEAP-2A/2B) and Mucin-2. We next confirmed the loss of these immune components accompanied by the invasion of the intestinal barrier by bacteria, as indicated by activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and the expression of downstream cytokines. Notably, the phosphorylated target of rapamycin (TOR) plays an important role in regulating these genes, thus indicating a possible target caused by ZEA. In summary, the extensive inhibition of immune components by ZEA promotes the spread of pathogens, which may increase the possibility of intestinal mucosa exposure and the risk of transforming disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321008988ZearalenoneImmunePathogen infectionMucus layerGrass carp |
| spellingShingle | Hong-Yun Zhang Ya-Li Wang Xiao-Qiu Zhou Wei-Dan Jiang Pei Wu Yang Liu Lu Zhang Hai-Feng Mi Jun Jiang Sheng-Yao Kuang Ling Tang Lin Feng Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Zearalenone Immune Pathogen infection Mucus layer Grass carp |
| title | Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_full | Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_fullStr | Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_short | Zearalenone induces immuno-compromised status via TOR/NF/κB pathway and aggravates the spread of Aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut (Ctenopharyngodon idella) |
| title_sort | zearalenone induces immuno compromised status via tor nf κb pathway and aggravates the spread of aeromonas hydrophila to grass carp gut ctenopharyngodon idella |
| topic | Zearalenone Immune Pathogen infection Mucus layer Grass carp |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321008988 |
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