Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland
The time consumption (TC) of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) varies greatly among sites, stands and forest workers. The TC in PCT is usually estimated by field-assessed work difficulty factors. In this study, a linear mixed model for the TC in PCT was prepared by utilizing forest resources data (FRD)....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Finnish Society of Forest Science
2020-02-01
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| Series: | Silva Fennica |
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| _version_ | 1818294221240532992 |
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| author | Karri Uotila Jari Miina Timo Saksa Ron Store Kauko Kärkkäinen Mika Härkönen |
| author_facet | Karri Uotila Jari Miina Timo Saksa Ron Store Kauko Kärkkäinen Mika Härkönen |
| author_sort | Karri Uotila |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The time consumption (TC) of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) varies greatly among sites, stands and forest workers. The TC in PCT is usually estimated by field-assessed work difficulty factors. In this study, a linear mixed model for the TC in PCT was prepared by utilizing forest resources data (FRD). The modelling data included 11 848 and validation data included 3035 worksites with TC information recorded by forest workers within the period of 2008–2018. The worksites represented a range of site and stand conditions across a broad geographical area in Finland. Site and stand characteristics and previous management logically explained the TC in PCT. The more fertile the site, the more working time was needed in PCT. On sites of medium fertility, TC in the initial PCT increased with stand age by 0.5 h ha–1 yr–1. Site wetness increased the TC. PCT in summer was more time consuming than in spring. Small areas were more time consuming to PCT per hectare than larger ones. The between-forest worker variation involved in the TC was as high as 35% of the variation unexplained by the TC model. The coefficient of determination in validation data was 19.3%, RMSE 4.75 h ha–1 and bias –1.6%. The TC model based on FRD was slightly less precise than the one based on field-assessed work difficulty factors (removal quantity and type and terrain difficulty): RMSE 4.9 h ha–1 vs. 4.1 h ha–1 (52% vs. 43%). The TC model could be connected to forest information systems where it would facilitate the predictions of the labour costs of PCT without field-assessing work difficulty factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:28:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-146dea535ac54546a89246c622cf0074 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2242-4075 2242-4075 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:28:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-02-01 |
| publisher | Finnish Society of Forest Science |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Silva Fennica |
| spelling | doaj.art-146dea535ac54546a89246c622cf00742022-12-22T00:01:13ZengFinnish Society of Forest ScienceSilva Fennica2242-40752242-40752020-02-0154110.14214/sf.10196Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in FinlandKarri Uotila0Jari Miina1Timo Saksa2Ron Store3Kauko KärkkäinenMika Härkönen4Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural resources, Latokartanonkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, FinlandNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural resources, Yliopistokatu 6 B, FI-80100 Joensuu, FinlandNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural resources, Survontie 9, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Bioeconomy and environment, Teknologiakatu 7, FI-67100 Kokkola, FinlandTornator Oyj, Pielisentie 2–6, FI-81700 Lieksa, FinlandThe time consumption (TC) of pre-commercial thinning (PCT) varies greatly among sites, stands and forest workers. The TC in PCT is usually estimated by field-assessed work difficulty factors. In this study, a linear mixed model for the TC in PCT was prepared by utilizing forest resources data (FRD). The modelling data included 11 848 and validation data included 3035 worksites with TC information recorded by forest workers within the period of 2008–2018. The worksites represented a range of site and stand conditions across a broad geographical area in Finland. Site and stand characteristics and previous management logically explained the TC in PCT. The more fertile the site, the more working time was needed in PCT. On sites of medium fertility, TC in the initial PCT increased with stand age by 0.5 h ha–1 yr–1. Site wetness increased the TC. PCT in summer was more time consuming than in spring. Small areas were more time consuming to PCT per hectare than larger ones. The between-forest worker variation involved in the TC was as high as 35% of the variation unexplained by the TC model. The coefficient of determination in validation data was 19.3%, RMSE 4.75 h ha–1 and bias –1.6%. The TC model based on FRD was slightly less precise than the one based on field-assessed work difficulty factors (removal quantity and type and terrain difficulty): RMSE 4.9 h ha–1 vs. 4.1 h ha–1 (52% vs. 43%). The TC model could be connected to forest information systems where it would facilitate the predictions of the labour costs of PCT without field-assessing work difficulty factors.early cleaningforest vegetation managementlinear mixed modelrelease treatmenttopographic wetness indexwork productivity |
| spellingShingle | Karri Uotila Jari Miina Timo Saksa Ron Store Kauko Kärkkäinen Mika Härkönen Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland Silva Fennica early cleaning forest vegetation management linear mixed model release treatment topographic wetness index work productivity |
| title | Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland |
| title_full | Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland |
| title_fullStr | Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland |
| title_short | Low cost prediction of time consumption for pre-commercial thinning in Finland |
| title_sort | low cost prediction of time consumption for pre commercial thinning in finland |
| topic | early cleaning forest vegetation management linear mixed model release treatment topographic wetness index work productivity |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karriuotila lowcostpredictionoftimeconsumptionforprecommercialthinninginfinland AT jarimiina lowcostpredictionoftimeconsumptionforprecommercialthinninginfinland AT timosaksa lowcostpredictionoftimeconsumptionforprecommercialthinninginfinland AT ronstore lowcostpredictionoftimeconsumptionforprecommercialthinninginfinland AT kaukokarkkainen lowcostpredictionoftimeconsumptionforprecommercialthinninginfinland AT mikaharkonen lowcostpredictionoftimeconsumptionforprecommercialthinninginfinland |