Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia
Background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with varying clinical features. This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of cytokines in blood, report the important...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/946 |
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| author | Hany M. Abo-Haded Amer M. Alshengeti Abdulsalam D. Alawfi Saad Q. Khoshhal Khalid M. Al-Harbi Mohammad D. Allugmani Dina S. El-Agamy |
| author_facet | Hany M. Abo-Haded Amer M. Alshengeti Abdulsalam D. Alawfi Saad Q. Khoshhal Khalid M. Al-Harbi Mohammad D. Allugmani Dina S. El-Agamy |
| author_sort | Hany M. Abo-Haded |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with varying clinical features. This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of cytokines in blood, report the important clinical characteristics, and correlate these with the short- and mid-term outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized children with MIS-C from March 2021 to May 2022. Phenotypes were classified into two groups (A,B) according to the severity of the disease and the need for invasive respiratory support. Clinical features, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were reported. Results: We identified 60 children with MIS-C (mean age of 7.4 ± 3.8 years) compared to 30 age- and sex-matched controls with simple COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of MIS-C patients were fever (100%), respiratory (83.3%), GIT (80%), and conjunctivitis (80%). Twenty-seven MIS-C children (45%) required PICU admission due to shock and needed mechanical ventilation. Anemia, lymphopenia, and elevated levels of inflammatory and tissue injury markers were observed in the MIS-C groups (mainly B). High cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α, GM-CSF, and HMGB1) were observed acutely in the MIS-C children, and a persistent elevation of some cytokines were reported at midterm follow-up, especially in Group B. Conclusion: Robust inflammatory response to COVID-19 disease with elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF levels might explain the severity and outcome of the clinical syndrome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:06Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-14729d0209024b5788f0a28d1a33888f2023-12-03T14:39:53ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-06-0111794610.3390/biology11070946Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi ArabiaHany M. Abo-Haded0Amer M. Alshengeti1Abdulsalam D. Alawfi2Saad Q. Khoshhal3Khalid M. Al-Harbi4Mohammad D. Allugmani5Dina S. El-Agamy6Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah 30001, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with varying clinical features. This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of cytokines in blood, report the important clinical characteristics, and correlate these with the short- and mid-term outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized children with MIS-C from March 2021 to May 2022. Phenotypes were classified into two groups (A,B) according to the severity of the disease and the need for invasive respiratory support. Clinical features, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were reported. Results: We identified 60 children with MIS-C (mean age of 7.4 ± 3.8 years) compared to 30 age- and sex-matched controls with simple COVID-19. The clinical manifestations of MIS-C patients were fever (100%), respiratory (83.3%), GIT (80%), and conjunctivitis (80%). Twenty-seven MIS-C children (45%) required PICU admission due to shock and needed mechanical ventilation. Anemia, lymphopenia, and elevated levels of inflammatory and tissue injury markers were observed in the MIS-C groups (mainly B). High cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-α, GM-CSF, and HMGB1) were observed acutely in the MIS-C children, and a persistent elevation of some cytokines were reported at midterm follow-up, especially in Group B. Conclusion: Robust inflammatory response to COVID-19 disease with elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF levels might explain the severity and outcome of the clinical syndrome.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/946multisystem inflammatory syndromechildrencytokine stormprogressionoutcome |
| spellingShingle | Hany M. Abo-Haded Amer M. Alshengeti Abdulsalam D. Alawfi Saad Q. Khoshhal Khalid M. Al-Harbi Mohammad D. Allugmani Dina S. El-Agamy Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia Biology multisystem inflammatory syndrome children cytokine storm progression outcome |
| title | Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | cytokine profiling among children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome versus simple covid 19 infection a study from northwest saudi arabia |
| topic | multisystem inflammatory syndrome children cytokine storm progression outcome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/7/946 |
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