Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study
IntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is an established causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic lung disease. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of tobacco in COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality but missed the opportunity to assess the role of SHS. Ther...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210102/full |
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| author | Surekha Kishore Vandana Shah Om Prakash Bera U. Venkatesh Rakesh Kakkar Pradeep Aggarwal Pankaj Bhardwaj C. M. Singh Chetna Maliye Suneela Garg Geetha R. Menon Puneet Misra Shival Kishore Verma The COVID SHS Study Group D.K. Srivastava Anuj Mundra Amey Dhatrak Mahendra Singh Gehlot Yogesh Bahurupi Santosh Kumar Nirala Mahendra Pratap Singh Arvind Kumar Jaiswal |
| author_facet | Surekha Kishore Vandana Shah Om Prakash Bera U. Venkatesh Rakesh Kakkar Pradeep Aggarwal Pankaj Bhardwaj C. M. Singh Chetna Maliye Suneela Garg Geetha R. Menon Puneet Misra Shival Kishore Verma The COVID SHS Study Group D.K. Srivastava Anuj Mundra Amey Dhatrak Mahendra Singh Gehlot Yogesh Bahurupi Santosh Kumar Nirala Mahendra Pratap Singh Arvind Kumar Jaiswal |
| author_sort | Surekha Kishore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is an established causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic lung disease. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of tobacco in COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality but missed the opportunity to assess the role of SHS. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether SHS is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection, severity, mortality, and other co-morbidities.MethodologyMulticentric case–control study was conducted across six states in India. Severe COVID-19 patients were chosen as our study cases, and mild and moderate COVID-19 as control were evaluated for exposure to SHS. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info version 7. A neighborhood-matching technique was utilized to address ecological variability and enhance comparability between cases and controls, considering age and sex as additional matching criteria. The binary logistic regression model was used to measure the association, and the results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsA total of 672 cases of severe COVID-19 and 681 controls of mild and moderate COVID-19 were recruited in this study. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for SHS exposure at home was 3.03 (CI 95%: 2.29–4.02) compared to mild/moderate COVID-19, while SHS exposure at the workplace had odds of 2.19 (CI 95%: 1.43–3.35). Other factors significantly related to the severity of COVID-19 were a history of COVID-19 vaccination before illness, body mass index (BMI), and attached kitchen at home.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. More studies with the use of biomarkers and quantification of SHS exposure in the future are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:43:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-147487fdf6cc480bb017a8e79b90b7e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:43:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-147487fdf6cc480bb017a8e79b90b7e02023-08-03T23:18:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-08-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.12101021210102Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control studySurekha Kishore0Vandana Shah1Om Prakash Bera2U. Venkatesh3Rakesh Kakkar4Pradeep Aggarwal5Pankaj Bhardwaj6C. M. Singh7Chetna Maliye8Suneela Garg9Geetha R. Menon10Puneet Misra11Shival Kishore Verma12The COVID SHS Study GroupD.K. SrivastavaAnuj MundraAmey DhatrakMahendra Singh GehlotYogesh BahurupiSantosh Kumar NiralaMahendra Pratap SinghArvind Kumar JaiswalAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaCampaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, New Delhi, IndiaGlobal Health Advocacy Incubator, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, IndiaDepartment of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India0Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India1ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India2Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India3Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United StatesIntroductionExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is an established causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic lung disease. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of tobacco in COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality but missed the opportunity to assess the role of SHS. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether SHS is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection, severity, mortality, and other co-morbidities.MethodologyMulticentric case–control study was conducted across six states in India. Severe COVID-19 patients were chosen as our study cases, and mild and moderate COVID-19 as control were evaluated for exposure to SHS. The sample size was calculated using Epi-info version 7. A neighborhood-matching technique was utilized to address ecological variability and enhance comparability between cases and controls, considering age and sex as additional matching criteria. The binary logistic regression model was used to measure the association, and the results were presented using an adjusted odds ratio. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsA total of 672 cases of severe COVID-19 and 681 controls of mild and moderate COVID-19 were recruited in this study. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for SHS exposure at home was 3.03 (CI 95%: 2.29–4.02) compared to mild/moderate COVID-19, while SHS exposure at the workplace had odds of 2.19 (CI 95%: 1.43–3.35). Other factors significantly related to the severity of COVID-19 were a history of COVID-19 vaccination before illness, body mass index (BMI), and attached kitchen at home.DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that cumulative exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. More studies with the use of biomarkers and quantification of SHS exposure in the future are needed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210102/fullsecondhand smokeCOVID-19smokingvaccinationsubstance abuse |
| spellingShingle | Surekha Kishore Vandana Shah Om Prakash Bera U. Venkatesh Rakesh Kakkar Pradeep Aggarwal Pankaj Bhardwaj C. M. Singh Chetna Maliye Suneela Garg Geetha R. Menon Puneet Misra Shival Kishore Verma The COVID SHS Study Group D.K. Srivastava Anuj Mundra Amey Dhatrak Mahendra Singh Gehlot Yogesh Bahurupi Santosh Kumar Nirala Mahendra Pratap Singh Arvind Kumar Jaiswal Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study Frontiers in Public Health secondhand smoke COVID-19 smoking vaccination substance abuse |
| title | Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study |
| title_full | Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study |
| title_fullStr | Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study |
| title_short | Risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of COVID-19 infection: multicenter case–control study |
| title_sort | risk of secondhand smoke exposure and severity of covid 19 infection multicenter case control study |
| topic | secondhand smoke COVID-19 smoking vaccination substance abuse |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210102/full |
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