Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique
Common methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or quantitative determination of opioids. The goal of t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6761 |
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| author | Sara Yasien Ejaz Ali Mohsin Javed Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal Shahid Iqbal Hamad Alrbyawi Samar O. Aljazzar Eslam B. Elkaeed Ayed A. Dera Rami Adel Pashameah Eman Alzahrani Abd-ElAziem Farouk |
| author_facet | Sara Yasien Ejaz Ali Mohsin Javed Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal Shahid Iqbal Hamad Alrbyawi Samar O. Aljazzar Eslam B. Elkaeed Ayed A. Dera Rami Adel Pashameah Eman Alzahrani Abd-ElAziem Farouk |
| author_sort | Sara Yasien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Common methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or quantitative determination of opioids. The goal of the present work is to design a green, economic, rugged, and simple extraction technique for famous opioids in human blood and urine and their simultaneous quantification by GC-MS equipped with an inert plus electron impact (EI) ionization source at SIM mode to produce reproducible and efficient results. Morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, nalbuphine, tramadol and dextromethorphan were selected as target opioids. Anhydrous Epsom salt was applied for dSPE of opioids from blood and urine into acetonitrile extraction solvent with the addition of sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6) and n-hexane was added to remove non-polar interfering species from samples. BSTFA was used as a derivatizing agent for GC-MS. Following method validation, the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for morphine, codeine, nal-buphine, tramadol, and dextromethorphan at 10 ng/mL and 1500 ng/mL, respectively, while the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for 6-acetylmorphine at 5 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL, respectively. This method was applied to real blood and urine samples of opioid abusers and the results were found to be reproducible with true quantification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:22:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-148d6f31300c469d83a7719498d31829 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:22:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-148d6f31300c469d83a7719498d318292023-11-23T21:16:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012719676110.3390/molecules27196761Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction TechniqueSara Yasien0Ejaz Ali1Mohsin Javed2Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal3Shahid Iqbal4Hamad Alrbyawi5Samar O. Aljazzar6Eslam B. Elkaeed7Ayed A. Dera8Rami Adel Pashameah9Eman Alzahrani10Abd-ElAziem Farouk11University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanUniversity College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, PakistanPharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaCommon methodologies such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are applied for the extraction of opioids from biological specimens i.e., blood and urine. Techniques including LC-MS/LC-MSMS, GC-MS, etc. are used for qualitative or quantitative determination of opioids. The goal of the present work is to design a green, economic, rugged, and simple extraction technique for famous opioids in human blood and urine and their simultaneous quantification by GC-MS equipped with an inert plus electron impact (EI) ionization source at SIM mode to produce reproducible and efficient results. Morphine, codeine, 6-acetylmorphine, nalbuphine, tramadol and dextromethorphan were selected as target opioids. Anhydrous Epsom salt was applied for dSPE of opioids from blood and urine into acetonitrile extraction solvent with the addition of sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6) and n-hexane was added to remove non-polar interfering species from samples. BSTFA was used as a derivatizing agent for GC-MS. Following method validation, the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for morphine, codeine, nal-buphine, tramadol, and dextromethorphan at 10 ng/mL and 1500 ng/mL, respectively, while the LOD/LLOQ and ULOQ were determined for 6-acetylmorphine at 5 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL, respectively. This method was applied to real blood and urine samples of opioid abusers and the results were found to be reproducible with true quantification.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6761opioidsblood and urineepsom saltGC-MSsimultaneous |
| spellingShingle | Sara Yasien Ejaz Ali Mohsin Javed Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal Shahid Iqbal Hamad Alrbyawi Samar O. Aljazzar Eslam B. Elkaeed Ayed A. Dera Rami Adel Pashameah Eman Alzahrani Abd-ElAziem Farouk Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique Molecules opioids blood and urine epsom salt GC-MS simultaneous |
| title | Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique |
| title_full | Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique |
| title_short | Simultaneous Quantification of Opioids in Blood and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer with Modified Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Technique |
| title_sort | simultaneous quantification of opioids in blood and urine by gas chromatography mass spectrometer with modified dispersive solid phase extraction technique |
| topic | opioids blood and urine epsom salt GC-MS simultaneous |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6761 |
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