A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases
Purpose. To review the most recent evidence on the association of ambient air pollution with posterior segment ocular diseases. Methods. A search of the most recently published medical literature was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar on 10 December 2022. Articles published between 2018 and Dece...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3842 |
| _version_ | 1797597192700035072 |
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| author | Agne Markeviciute Jessie Huang-Lung Reda Zemaitiene Andrzej Grzybowski |
| author_facet | Agne Markeviciute Jessie Huang-Lung Reda Zemaitiene Andrzej Grzybowski |
| author_sort | Agne Markeviciute |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose. To review the most recent evidence on the association of ambient air pollution with posterior segment ocular diseases. Methods. A search of the most recently published medical literature was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar on 10 December 2022. Articles published between 2018 and December 2022 were included in this rapid review. Studies that evaluated the association between ambient air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), particulate matters (PM<sub>s</sub>), total hydrocarbons (THC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), benzene), and ocular posterior segment diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vascular diseases) were included. Results. Nineteen research articles met the inclusion criteria. Significant associations were found between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and glaucoma, including primary open angle, primary angle closure, and normal tension glaucoma. An increased risk of AMD was linked to increased exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and CO. Single studies suggested that increased exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> is associated with diabetic retinopathy; THC and NMHC increased the risk of retinal vein occlusion; and CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> are linked to an increased risk of central retinal artery occlusion. Conclusions. There is increasing evidence that toxic air pollutants have an impact on posterior segment ocular diseases, hence determining it as a potential modifiable risk factor for visual impairment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14900c1fb00944bd8014dec1cd1c8440 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-14900c1fb00944bd8014dec1cd1c84402023-11-18T08:07:11ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-06-011211384210.3390/jcm12113842A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular DiseasesAgne Markeviciute0Jessie Huang-Lung1Reda Zemaitiene2Andrzej Grzybowski3Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaSchool of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, AustraliaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, LithuaniaInstitute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, PolandPurpose. To review the most recent evidence on the association of ambient air pollution with posterior segment ocular diseases. Methods. A search of the most recently published medical literature was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar on 10 December 2022. Articles published between 2018 and December 2022 were included in this rapid review. Studies that evaluated the association between ambient air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), particulate matters (PM<sub>s</sub>), total hydrocarbons (THC), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), benzene), and ocular posterior segment diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinal vascular diseases) were included. Results. Nineteen research articles met the inclusion criteria. Significant associations were found between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and glaucoma, including primary open angle, primary angle closure, and normal tension glaucoma. An increased risk of AMD was linked to increased exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and CO. Single studies suggested that increased exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> is associated with diabetic retinopathy; THC and NMHC increased the risk of retinal vein occlusion; and CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and PM<sub>10</sub> are linked to an increased risk of central retinal artery occlusion. Conclusions. There is increasing evidence that toxic air pollutants have an impact on posterior segment ocular diseases, hence determining it as a potential modifiable risk factor for visual impairment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3842ambient air pollutantsair pollutioneye disorderseye diseasesglaucomaage related macular degeneration |
| spellingShingle | Agne Markeviciute Jessie Huang-Lung Reda Zemaitiene Andrzej Grzybowski A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases Journal of Clinical Medicine ambient air pollutants air pollution eye disorders eye diseases glaucoma age related macular degeneration |
| title | A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases |
| title_full | A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases |
| title_short | A Review of Ambient Air Pollution as a Risk Factor for Posterior Segment Ocular Diseases |
| title_sort | review of ambient air pollution as a risk factor for posterior segment ocular diseases |
| topic | ambient air pollutants air pollution eye disorders eye diseases glaucoma age related macular degeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3842 |
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