From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that includes a variety of immune cells mutually interacting with tumor cells, structural/stromal cells, and each other. The immune cells in the TME can have dual functions as pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic. To understand such...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12086 |
| _version_ | 1797586649802080256 |
|---|---|
| author | Nicholas Koelsch Masoud H. Manjili |
| author_facet | Nicholas Koelsch Masoud H. Manjili |
| author_sort | Nicholas Koelsch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that includes a variety of immune cells mutually interacting with tumor cells, structural/stromal cells, and each other. The immune cells in the TME can have dual functions as pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic. To understand such paradoxical functions, the reductionistic approach classifies the immune cells into pro- and anti-tumor cells and suggests the therapeutic blockade of the pro-tumor and induction of the anti-tumor immune cells. This strategy has proven to be partially effective in prolonging patients’ survival only in a fraction of patients without offering a cancer cure. Recent advances in multi-omics allow taking systems immunology approach. This essay discusses how a systems immunology approach could revolutionize our understanding of the TME by suggesting that internetwork interactions of the immune cell types create distinct collective functions independent of the function of each cellular constituent. Such collective function can be understood by the discovery of the immunological patterns in the TME and may be modulated as a therapeutic means for immunotherapy of cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14911925ba0f4a8db4ffea143468a141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-14911925ba0f4a8db4ffea143468a1412023-11-18T23:00:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-07-0124151208610.3390/ijms241512086From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor MicroenvironmentNicholas Koelsch0Masoud H. Manjili1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USAThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that includes a variety of immune cells mutually interacting with tumor cells, structural/stromal cells, and each other. The immune cells in the TME can have dual functions as pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic. To understand such paradoxical functions, the reductionistic approach classifies the immune cells into pro- and anti-tumor cells and suggests the therapeutic blockade of the pro-tumor and induction of the anti-tumor immune cells. This strategy has proven to be partially effective in prolonging patients’ survival only in a fraction of patients without offering a cancer cure. Recent advances in multi-omics allow taking systems immunology approach. This essay discusses how a systems immunology approach could revolutionize our understanding of the TME by suggesting that internetwork interactions of the immune cell types create distinct collective functions independent of the function of each cellular constituent. Such collective function can be understood by the discovery of the immunological patterns in the TME and may be modulated as a therapeutic means for immunotherapy of cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12086systems immunologyhepatocellular carcinomainflammationimmunological pattern |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas Koelsch Masoud H. Manjili From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment International Journal of Molecular Sciences systems immunology hepatocellular carcinoma inflammation immunological pattern |
| title | From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full | From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_short | From Reductionistic Approach to Systems Immunology Approach for the Understanding of Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_sort | from reductionistic approach to systems immunology approach for the understanding of tumor microenvironment |
| topic | systems immunology hepatocellular carcinoma inflammation immunological pattern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12086 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nicholaskoelsch fromreductionisticapproachtosystemsimmunologyapproachfortheunderstandingoftumormicroenvironment AT masoudhmanjili fromreductionisticapproachtosystemsimmunologyapproachfortheunderstandingoftumormicroenvironment |