Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies
Noradrenergic dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Conventional therapeutic strategies seek to enhance cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in AD and PD, respectively, and few studies have examined noradrenergic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00127/full |
| _version_ | 1811202683351072768 |
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| author | Andrew C. Peterson Andrew C. Peterson Chiang-shan R. Li Chiang-shan R. Li Chiang-shan R. Li |
| author_facet | Andrew C. Peterson Andrew C. Peterson Chiang-shan R. Li Chiang-shan R. Li Chiang-shan R. Li |
| author_sort | Andrew C. Peterson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Noradrenergic dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Conventional therapeutic strategies seek to enhance cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in AD and PD, respectively, and few studies have examined noradrenergic dysfunction as a target for medication development. We review the literature of noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD with a focus on human imaging studies that implicate the locus coeruleus (LC) circuit. The LC sends noradrenergic projections diffusely throughout the cerebral cortex and plays a critical role in attention, learning, working memory, and cognitive control. The LC undergoes considerable degeneration in both AD and PD. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have facilitated greater understanding of how structural and functional alteration of the LC may contribute to cognitive decline in AD and PD. We discuss the potential roles of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of AD and PD with an emphasis on postmortem anatomical studies, structural MRI studies, and functional MRI studies, where we highlight changes in LC connectivity with the default mode network (DMN). LC degeneration may accompany deficient capacity in suppressing DMN activity and increasing saliency and task control network activities to meet behavioral challenges. We finish by proposing potential and new directions of research to address noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:43:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14aafaaef33c4e14b71f1a1ff9d2dfce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:43:54Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-14aafaaef33c4e14b71f1a1ff9d2dfce2022-12-22T03:51:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652018-05-011010.3389/fnagi.2018.00127344431Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging StudiesAndrew C. Peterson0Andrew C. Peterson1Chiang-shan R. Li2Chiang-shan R. Li3Chiang-shan R. Li4Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United StatesDepartment of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United StatesInterdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United StatesNoradrenergic dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Conventional therapeutic strategies seek to enhance cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in AD and PD, respectively, and few studies have examined noradrenergic dysfunction as a target for medication development. We review the literature of noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD with a focus on human imaging studies that implicate the locus coeruleus (LC) circuit. The LC sends noradrenergic projections diffusely throughout the cerebral cortex and plays a critical role in attention, learning, working memory, and cognitive control. The LC undergoes considerable degeneration in both AD and PD. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have facilitated greater understanding of how structural and functional alteration of the LC may contribute to cognitive decline in AD and PD. We discuss the potential roles of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of AD and PD with an emphasis on postmortem anatomical studies, structural MRI studies, and functional MRI studies, where we highlight changes in LC connectivity with the default mode network (DMN). LC degeneration may accompany deficient capacity in suppressing DMN activity and increasing saliency and task control network activities to meet behavioral challenges. We finish by proposing potential and new directions of research to address noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00127/fullnorepinephrinedopamineneurodegenerationneurodegenerativelocus coeruleusventral tegmental area |
| spellingShingle | Andrew C. Peterson Andrew C. Peterson Chiang-shan R. Li Chiang-shan R. Li Chiang-shan R. Li Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience norepinephrine dopamine neurodegeneration neurodegenerative locus coeruleus ventral tegmental area |
| title | Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies |
| title_full | Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies |
| title_fullStr | Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies |
| title_short | Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases—An Overview of Imaging Studies |
| title_sort | noradrenergic dysfunction in alzheimer s and parkinson s diseases an overview of imaging studies |
| topic | norepinephrine dopamine neurodegeneration neurodegenerative locus coeruleus ventral tegmental area |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00127/full |
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