Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key mediators of signaling in fungi, participating in the response to diverse stresses and in developmental processes. Since the precise regulation of MAPKs is fundamental for cell physiology, fungi bear dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that act as...
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1709 |
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| author | Gema González-Rubio Teresa Fernández-Acero Humberto Martín María Molina |
| author_facet | Gema González-Rubio Teresa Fernández-Acero Humberto Martín María Molina |
| author_sort | Gema González-Rubio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key mediators of signaling in fungi, participating in the response to diverse stresses and in developmental processes. Since the precise regulation of MAPKs is fundamental for cell physiology, fungi bear dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that act as MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs). Whereas fungal MKPs share characteristic domains of this phosphatase subfamily, they also have specific interaction motifs and particular activation mechanisms, which, for example, allow some yeast MKPs, such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Sdp1, to couple oxidative stress with substrate recognition. Model yeasts show that MKPs play a key role in the modulation of MAPK signaling flow. Mutants affected in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Msg5 or in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> Pmp1 display MAPK hyperactivation and specific phenotypes. MKPs from virulent fungi, such as <i>Candida albicans</i> Cpp1, <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Msg5, and <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> Pmp1, are relevant for pathogenicity. Apart from transcriptional regulation, MKPs can be post-transcriptionally regulated by RNA-binding proteins such as Rnc1, which stabilizes the <i>S. pombe</i> <i>PMP1</i> mRNA. <i>P. oryzae</i> Pmp1 activity and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Msg5 stability are regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination, respectively. Therefore, fungi offer a platform to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that control MKPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:14:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14ae7992b24b4105990bc5953d06289e |
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| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:14:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-14ae7992b24b4105990bc5953d06289e2022-12-22T02:58:53ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-04-01207170910.3390/ijms20071709ijms20071709Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and RegulationGema González-Rubio0Teresa Fernández-Acero1Humberto Martín2María Molina3Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Farmacia. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Farmacia. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Farmacia. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Microbiología y Parasitología. Facultad de Farmacia. Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainMitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key mediators of signaling in fungi, participating in the response to diverse stresses and in developmental processes. Since the precise regulation of MAPKs is fundamental for cell physiology, fungi bear dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that act as MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs). Whereas fungal MKPs share characteristic domains of this phosphatase subfamily, they also have specific interaction motifs and particular activation mechanisms, which, for example, allow some yeast MKPs, such as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Sdp1, to couple oxidative stress with substrate recognition. Model yeasts show that MKPs play a key role in the modulation of MAPK signaling flow. Mutants affected in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Msg5 or in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> Pmp1 display MAPK hyperactivation and specific phenotypes. MKPs from virulent fungi, such as <i>Candida albicans</i> Cpp1, <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Msg5, and <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> Pmp1, are relevant for pathogenicity. Apart from transcriptional regulation, MKPs can be post-transcriptionally regulated by RNA-binding proteins such as Rnc1, which stabilizes the <i>S. pombe</i> <i>PMP1</i> mRNA. <i>P. oryzae</i> Pmp1 activity and <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Msg5 stability are regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination, respectively. Therefore, fungi offer a platform to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms that control MKPs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1709fungal MKPsMAPKssignalingMsg5Sdp1Pmp1Cpp1 |
| spellingShingle | Gema González-Rubio Teresa Fernández-Acero Humberto Martín María Molina Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation International Journal of Molecular Sciences fungal MKPs MAPKs signaling Msg5 Sdp1 Pmp1 Cpp1 |
| title | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation |
| title_full | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation |
| title_fullStr | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation |
| title_short | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) in Fungal Signaling: Conservation, Function, and Regulation |
| title_sort | mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatases mkps in fungal signaling conservation function and regulation |
| topic | fungal MKPs MAPKs signaling Msg5 Sdp1 Pmp1 Cpp1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/7/1709 |
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