Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction
Previous studies have found gender differences in body-related attentional bias (AB), with women showing AB towards weight-related body parts. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between body-related AB and muscularity dissatisfaction (MD) in men. This study aimed to assess the prese...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1736 |
| _version_ | 1797566136359845888 |
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| author | Bruno Porras-Garcia Erik Exposito-Sanz Marta Ferrer-Garcia Oscar Castillero-Mimenza José Gutiérrez-Maldonado |
| author_facet | Bruno Porras-Garcia Erik Exposito-Sanz Marta Ferrer-Garcia Oscar Castillero-Mimenza José Gutiérrez-Maldonado |
| author_sort | Bruno Porras-Garcia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous studies have found gender differences in body-related attentional bias (AB), with women showing AB towards weight-related body parts. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between body-related AB and muscularity dissatisfaction (MD) in men. This study aimed to assess the presence of muscle-related AB in men, using a combination of a virtual reality (VR) embodiment-based technique and eye-tracking (ET) technology. Twenty men with high MD and 20 with low MD, owned a virtual avatar that had the same silhouette and body mass index as the participant. To analyze the gaze data, muscle-related areas of interest (M-AOIs) and nonmuscle-related areas of interest (NM-AOIs) were defined. The complete fixation time and the number of fixations on each AOI were recorded. Mixed between (group)-within (AOI_condition) analyses of variance showed a statistically significant interaction between group and time (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both AB measures. Follow-up analyses revealed an AB towards M-AOIs only in men with high MD. Overall, men with high MD spent more time looking and displayed a higher number of fixations on M-AOIs, specifically the chest and shoulders, compared to men with low MD. This study provides new information about the relationship between MD and body-related AB in men. Combining VR with ET technologies presents interesting opportunities in the study of body image in men. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:22:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14ae7af5f20a4def9b332043309490dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:22:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-14ae7af5f20a4def9b332043309490dd2023-11-20T02:48:43ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832020-06-0196173610.3390/jcm9061736Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity DissatisfactionBruno Porras-Garcia0Erik Exposito-Sanz1Marta Ferrer-Garcia2Oscar Castillero-Mimenza3José Gutiérrez-Maldonado4Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron 171, 08035 Barcelona, SpainPrevious studies have found gender differences in body-related attentional bias (AB), with women showing AB towards weight-related body parts. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between body-related AB and muscularity dissatisfaction (MD) in men. This study aimed to assess the presence of muscle-related AB in men, using a combination of a virtual reality (VR) embodiment-based technique and eye-tracking (ET) technology. Twenty men with high MD and 20 with low MD, owned a virtual avatar that had the same silhouette and body mass index as the participant. To analyze the gaze data, muscle-related areas of interest (M-AOIs) and nonmuscle-related areas of interest (NM-AOIs) were defined. The complete fixation time and the number of fixations on each AOI were recorded. Mixed between (group)-within (AOI_condition) analyses of variance showed a statistically significant interaction between group and time (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both AB measures. Follow-up analyses revealed an AB towards M-AOIs only in men with high MD. Overall, men with high MD spent more time looking and displayed a higher number of fixations on M-AOIs, specifically the chest and shoulders, compared to men with low MD. This study provides new information about the relationship between MD and body-related AB in men. Combining VR with ET technologies presents interesting opportunities in the study of body image in men.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1736body-related attentional biasmuscularity dissatisfactionmenvirtual realityeye-tracking |
| spellingShingle | Bruno Porras-Garcia Erik Exposito-Sanz Marta Ferrer-Garcia Oscar Castillero-Mimenza José Gutiérrez-Maldonado Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction Journal of Clinical Medicine body-related attentional bias muscularity dissatisfaction men virtual reality eye-tracking |
| title | Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction |
| title_full | Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction |
| title_fullStr | Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction |
| title_short | Body-Related Attentional Bias among Men with High and Low Muscularity Dissatisfaction |
| title_sort | body related attentional bias among men with high and low muscularity dissatisfaction |
| topic | body-related attentional bias muscularity dissatisfaction men virtual reality eye-tracking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/6/1736 |
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