Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver
The aim of the study was to determine the levels of selected toxic and non-toxic elements in the liver of free-living wild boars from agricultural areas and to assess health risks associated with liver consumption. Samples were collected from 70 wild boars. The animals were divided into three age gr...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1519 |
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| author | Anna Kasprzyk Janusz Kilar Stanisław Chwil Michał Rudaś |
| author_facet | Anna Kasprzyk Janusz Kilar Stanisław Chwil Michał Rudaś |
| author_sort | Anna Kasprzyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the study was to determine the levels of selected toxic and non-toxic elements in the liver of free-living wild boars from agricultural areas and to assess health risks associated with liver consumption. Samples were collected from 70 wild boars. The animals were divided into three age groups (group I up to one year, group II from one to three years, group III over three to five years). It was shown that wild boar liver is a rich source of mineral compounds (K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Cu). The age was found to exert an effect on the concentration of most minerals. The sex significantly determined the content of Fe, Ca, and Cd. The maximum allowable level of Cd in the liver was exceeded in two and three samples from groups I and III, respectively. Therefore, regular monitoring of the content of this element in tissues of game animals is extremely important and advisable to assess the consumer exposure to this metal. From the point of view of human health, the estimation of the non-carcinogenic risk indicated that the intake of individual trace elements through the consumption of the liver was safe, whereas consumption of combined trace elements (only in the case of the consumption of the wild boar liver twice a week) suggested a potential health risk to children. |
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| id | doaj.art-14b2a7d172ca41e0861afc97490204eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-14b2a7d172ca41e0861afc97490204eb2023-11-20T11:35:36ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-08-01109151910.3390/ani10091519Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of LiverAnna Kasprzyk0Janusz Kilar1Stanisław Chwil2Michał Rudaś3Department of Pig Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 13 Akademicka, 20-950 Lublin, PolandInstitute of Agricultural and Forest Economy, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, 21 Mickiewicza, 38-500 Sanok, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka, 20-950 Lublin, PolandCentral Laboratory of Research, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 D Głęboka, 20-612 Lublin, PolandThe aim of the study was to determine the levels of selected toxic and non-toxic elements in the liver of free-living wild boars from agricultural areas and to assess health risks associated with liver consumption. Samples were collected from 70 wild boars. The animals were divided into three age groups (group I up to one year, group II from one to three years, group III over three to five years). It was shown that wild boar liver is a rich source of mineral compounds (K, Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Cu). The age was found to exert an effect on the concentration of most minerals. The sex significantly determined the content of Fe, Ca, and Cd. The maximum allowable level of Cd in the liver was exceeded in two and three samples from groups I and III, respectively. Therefore, regular monitoring of the content of this element in tissues of game animals is extremely important and advisable to assess the consumer exposure to this metal. From the point of view of human health, the estimation of the non-carcinogenic risk indicated that the intake of individual trace elements through the consumption of the liver was safe, whereas consumption of combined trace elements (only in the case of the consumption of the wild boar liver twice a week) suggested a potential health risk to children.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1519wild boartoxic elementsessential elementshealth risk assessmenthazard index |
| spellingShingle | Anna Kasprzyk Janusz Kilar Stanisław Chwil Michał Rudaś Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver Animals wild boar toxic elements essential elements health risk assessment hazard index |
| title | Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver |
| title_full | Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver |
| title_fullStr | Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver |
| title_full_unstemmed | Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver |
| title_short | Content of Selected Macro- and Microelements in the Liver of Free-Living Wild Boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Agricultural Areas and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Liver |
| title_sort | content of selected macro and microelements in the liver of free living wild boars i sus scrofa i l from agricultural areas and health risks associated with consumption of liver |
| topic | wild boar toxic elements essential elements health risk assessment hazard index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1519 |
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