Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing
This paper investigates the effect of plasticizer structure on especially the printability and mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid)-plasticizer biodegradable blends. Three plasticizers, acetyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, and poly(...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-10-01
|
| Series: | Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4736 |
| _version_ | 1797550006393110528 |
|---|---|
| author | Soňa Kontárová Radek Přikryl Veronika Melčová Přemysl Menčík Matyáš Horálek Silvestr Figalla Roderik Plavec Jozef Feranc Jiří Sadílek Aneta Pospíšilová |
| author_facet | Soňa Kontárová Radek Přikryl Veronika Melčová Přemysl Menčík Matyáš Horálek Silvestr Figalla Roderik Plavec Jozef Feranc Jiří Sadílek Aneta Pospíšilová |
| author_sort | Soňa Kontárová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper investigates the effect of plasticizer structure on especially the printability and mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid)-plasticizer biodegradable blends. Three plasticizers, acetyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(2-ethylhexanoate), were first checked whether they were miscible with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid) (PHB-PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends of 60-25-15 (wt.%) were then prepared using a corotating meshing twin-screw extruder, and a single screw extruder was used for filament preparation for further three-dimensional (3D) fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. These innovative eco-friendly PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends were created with a majority of PHB, and therefore, poor mechanical properties and thermal properties of neat PHB-PLA blends were improved by adding appropriate plasticizer. The plasticizer also influences the printability of blends, which was investigated, based on our new specific printability tests developed for the optimization of printing conditions (especially printing temperature). Three-dimensional printed test samples were used for heat deflection temperature measurements and Charpy and tensile-impact tests. Plasticizer migration was also investigated. The macrostructure of 3D printed samples was observed using an optical microscope to check the printing quality and printing conditions. Tensile tests of 3D printed samples (dogbones), as well as extruded filaments, showed that measured elongation at break raised, from 21% for non-plasticized PHB-PLA reference blends to 84% for some plasticized blends in the form of filaments and from 10% (reference) to 32% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. Measurements of thermal properties (using modulated differential scanning calorimetry and oscillation rheometry) also confirmed the plasticizing effect on blends. The thermal and mechanical properties of PHB-PLA blends were improved by the addition of appropriate plasticizer. In contrast, the printability of the PHB-PLA reference seems to be slightly better than the printability of the plasticized blends. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:23:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14b311d93b264d84a6c5131ae456c78a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:23:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-14b311d93b264d84a6c5131ae456c78a2023-11-20T18:15:34ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-10-011321473610.3390/ma13214736Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) PrintingSoňa Kontárová0Radek Přikryl1Veronika Melčová2Přemysl Menčík3Matyáš Horálek4Silvestr Figalla5Roderik Plavec6Jozef Feranc7Jiří Sadílek8Aneta Pospíšilová9Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaPolymer Institute Brno, Tkalcovská 36/2, 602 00 Brno, Czech RepublicInstitute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech RepublicThis paper investigates the effect of plasticizer structure on especially the printability and mechanical and thermal properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid)-plasticizer biodegradable blends. Three plasticizers, acetyl tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) citrate, and poly(ethylene glycol)bis(2-ethylhexanoate), were first checked whether they were miscible with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic acid) (PHB-PLA) blends using a kneading machine. PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends of 60-25-15 (wt.%) were then prepared using a corotating meshing twin-screw extruder, and a single screw extruder was used for filament preparation for further three-dimensional (3D) fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. These innovative eco-friendly PHB-PLA-plasticizer blends were created with a majority of PHB, and therefore, poor mechanical properties and thermal properties of neat PHB-PLA blends were improved by adding appropriate plasticizer. The plasticizer also influences the printability of blends, which was investigated, based on our new specific printability tests developed for the optimization of printing conditions (especially printing temperature). Three-dimensional printed test samples were used for heat deflection temperature measurements and Charpy and tensile-impact tests. Plasticizer migration was also investigated. The macrostructure of 3D printed samples was observed using an optical microscope to check the printing quality and printing conditions. Tensile tests of 3D printed samples (dogbones), as well as extruded filaments, showed that measured elongation at break raised, from 21% for non-plasticized PHB-PLA reference blends to 84% for some plasticized blends in the form of filaments and from 10% (reference) to 32% for plasticized blends in the form of printed dogbones. Measurements of thermal properties (using modulated differential scanning calorimetry and oscillation rheometry) also confirmed the plasticizing effect on blends. The thermal and mechanical properties of PHB-PLA blends were improved by the addition of appropriate plasticizer. In contrast, the printability of the PHB-PLA reference seems to be slightly better than the printability of the plasticized blends.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4736plasticizerspoly(hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic)3D printingprintabilitycitratespoly(ethylene glycol) PEG |
| spellingShingle | Soňa Kontárová Radek Přikryl Veronika Melčová Přemysl Menčík Matyáš Horálek Silvestr Figalla Roderik Plavec Jozef Feranc Jiří Sadílek Aneta Pospíšilová Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials plasticizers poly(hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic) 3D printing printability citrates poly(ethylene glycol) PEG |
| title | Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing |
| title_full | Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing |
| title_fullStr | Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing |
| title_short | Printability, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Poly(Lactic Acid)-Plasticizer Blends for Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing |
| title_sort | printability mechanical and thermal properties of poly 3 hydroxybutyrate poly lactic acid plasticizer blends for three dimensional 3d printing |
| topic | plasticizers poly(hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactic) 3D printing printability citrates poly(ethylene glycol) PEG |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/21/4736 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sonakontarova printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT radekprikryl printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT veronikamelcova printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT premyslmencik printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT matyashoralek printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT silvestrfigalla printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT roderikplavec printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT jozefferanc printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT jirisadilek printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting AT anetapospisilova printabilitymechanicalandthermalpropertiesofpoly3hydroxybutyratepolylacticacidplasticizerblendsforthreedimensional3dprinting |