Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity
<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> is a scuticociliate that causes high mortalities in farmed fish. Although vaccination is an effective method to prevent scuticociliatosis caused by the homologous serotype, a universal vaccine has not been developed yet. Many compounds have been shown to...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/267 |
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| author | Rosa Ana Sueiro José Manuel Leiro Verónica Blanco-Abad Jos Raaijmakers Irene de Bruijn Ron P. H. Dirks Jesús Lamas |
| author_facet | Rosa Ana Sueiro José Manuel Leiro Verónica Blanco-Abad Jos Raaijmakers Irene de Bruijn Ron P. H. Dirks Jesús Lamas |
| author_sort | Rosa Ana Sueiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> is a scuticociliate that causes high mortalities in farmed fish. Although vaccination is an effective method to prevent scuticociliatosis caused by the homologous serotype, a universal vaccine has not been developed yet. Many compounds have been shown to be toxic to this ciliate species; moreover, most of them are toxic to aquatic life and cannot be used to prevent the disease. We have evaluated the toxicity to <i>P. dicentrarchi</i> of several compounds of natural origin to be used to reduce parasite levels in the seawater. Ciliates were exposed to several compound concentrations, and the mortality was determined at several incubation times. Tomatine, plumbagin and 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone displayed the highest anticiliate activity, with a dose-dependent response. The effects of these compounds on the EPC cell line were also evaluated, finding that 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone displayed the lowest toxicity to fish cells. At 7.54 μM, 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone inhibited 50% parasite growth but only killed about 10% of EPC cells after 24 h incubation. Finally, we evaluated the toxicity of <i>Pseudomonas</i> H6 surfactant (PS) to <i>P. dicentrarchi</i>, finding that PS was toxic to the ciliate but showed lower toxicity to EPC cells. At a concentration of 7.8 μg/mL (LC<sub>50</sub> for the ciliate after 3 h incubation), PS killed 14.9% of EPC cells. We conclude that 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone, and PS could be used to reduce parasite levels in seawater, thus decreasing the risk of scuticociliatosis infection in cultured fish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:15:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14b565d337934755ba2f0e7d9d410988 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:15:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-14b565d337934755ba2f0e7d9d4109882023-11-23T21:32:59ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-02-0111226710.3390/pathogens11020267Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> ActivityRosa Ana Sueiro0José Manuel Leiro1Verónica Blanco-Abad2Jos Raaijmakers3Irene de Bruijn4Ron P. H. Dirks5Jesús Lamas6Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainLaboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Functional Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB Wageningen, The NetherlandsFuture Genomics Technologies, Leiden BioScience Park, Sylviusweg 74, 2333 BE Leiden, The NetherlandsDepartment of Functional Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> is a scuticociliate that causes high mortalities in farmed fish. Although vaccination is an effective method to prevent scuticociliatosis caused by the homologous serotype, a universal vaccine has not been developed yet. Many compounds have been shown to be toxic to this ciliate species; moreover, most of them are toxic to aquatic life and cannot be used to prevent the disease. We have evaluated the toxicity to <i>P. dicentrarchi</i> of several compounds of natural origin to be used to reduce parasite levels in the seawater. Ciliates were exposed to several compound concentrations, and the mortality was determined at several incubation times. Tomatine, plumbagin and 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone displayed the highest anticiliate activity, with a dose-dependent response. The effects of these compounds on the EPC cell line were also evaluated, finding that 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone displayed the lowest toxicity to fish cells. At 7.54 μM, 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone inhibited 50% parasite growth but only killed about 10% of EPC cells after 24 h incubation. Finally, we evaluated the toxicity of <i>Pseudomonas</i> H6 surfactant (PS) to <i>P. dicentrarchi</i>, finding that PS was toxic to the ciliate but showed lower toxicity to EPC cells. At a concentration of 7.8 μg/mL (LC<sub>50</sub> for the ciliate after 3 h incubation), PS killed 14.9% of EPC cells. We conclude that 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone, and PS could be used to reduce parasite levels in seawater, thus decreasing the risk of scuticociliatosis infection in cultured fish.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/267<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i>toxicitynatural compounds<i>Pseudomonas</i> |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Ana Sueiro José Manuel Leiro Verónica Blanco-Abad Jos Raaijmakers Irene de Bruijn Ron P. H. Dirks Jesús Lamas Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity Pathogens <i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> toxicity natural compounds <i>Pseudomonas</i> |
| title | Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity |
| title_full | Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity |
| title_fullStr | Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity |
| title_short | Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-<i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> Activity |
| title_sort | plant and bacteria derived compounds with anti i philasterides dicentrarchi i activity |
| topic | <i>Philasterides dicentrarchi</i> toxicity natural compounds <i>Pseudomonas</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/267 |
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