Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
In vitro, large amounts of neopterin are released from human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells primarily upon stimulation with Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ also induces the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (TRP) to form kynurenine (K...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2013-12-01
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| Series: | Pteridines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2013-0037 |
| _version_ | 1819026554652459008 |
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| author | Schroecksnadel Sebastian Ledjeff Elena-Sophia Gostner Johanna Winkler Christiana Kurz Katharina Schennach Harald Fuchs Dietmar |
| author_facet | Schroecksnadel Sebastian Ledjeff Elena-Sophia Gostner Johanna Winkler Christiana Kurz Katharina Schennach Harald Fuchs Dietmar |
| author_sort | Schroecksnadel Sebastian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In vitro, large amounts of neopterin are released from human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells primarily upon stimulation with Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ also induces the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (TRP) to form kynurenine (KYN). IDO-mediated TRP catabolism is very effective in suppressing the proliferation of T lymphocytes as well as of pathogens in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether exogenously added neopterin may influence IDO activity in resting and in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were isolated from healthy donors, and neopterin was added in a concentration range from 0.01 to 50 μmol/L. After 30 min, PBMC were stimulated or not with 10 μg/mL of mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After 48 h, culture supernatants were collected, KYN and TRP concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the ratio of KYN vs. TRP was calculated as an estimate of IDO activity. Spontaneous as well as PHA-induced TRP breakdown was suppressed by exogenously added neopterin in a dose-dependent way; the lowest active concentration of neopterin was <100 nmol/L. As neopterin concentrations in the nanomolar range are commonly observed in patients suffering from infections, sepsis, or uremia, our results suggest that neopterin formation might also serve as a feedback mechanism to slow down TRP degradation in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:28:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14b74ee9ffc44bcb9488fd7f2f8e561d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0933-4807 2195-4720 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T05:28:26Z |
| publishDate | 2013-12-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pteridines |
| spelling | doaj.art-14b74ee9ffc44bcb9488fd7f2f8e561d2022-12-21T19:14:37ZengDe GruyterPteridines0933-48072195-47202013-12-01243-423724310.1515/pterid-2013-0037Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsSchroecksnadel Sebastian0Ledjeff Elena-Sophia1Gostner Johanna2Winkler Christiana3Kurz KatharinaSchennach Harald4Fuchs Dietmar5Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDivision of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDivision of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDivision of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaCentral Institute of Blood Transfusion and Immunology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDivision of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaIn vitro, large amounts of neopterin are released from human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells primarily upon stimulation with Th1-type cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ also induces the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades tryptophan (TRP) to form kynurenine (KYN). IDO-mediated TRP catabolism is very effective in suppressing the proliferation of T lymphocytes as well as of pathogens in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether exogenously added neopterin may influence IDO activity in resting and in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were isolated from healthy donors, and neopterin was added in a concentration range from 0.01 to 50 μmol/L. After 30 min, PBMC were stimulated or not with 10 μg/mL of mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After 48 h, culture supernatants were collected, KYN and TRP concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the ratio of KYN vs. TRP was calculated as an estimate of IDO activity. Spontaneous as well as PHA-induced TRP breakdown was suppressed by exogenously added neopterin in a dose-dependent way; the lowest active concentration of neopterin was <100 nmol/L. As neopterin concentrations in the nanomolar range are commonly observed in patients suffering from infections, sepsis, or uremia, our results suggest that neopterin formation might also serve as a feedback mechanism to slow down TRP degradation in vivo.https://doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2013-0037indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenasemacrophagesneopterint-cell activation |
| spellingShingle | Schroecksnadel Sebastian Ledjeff Elena-Sophia Gostner Johanna Winkler Christiana Kurz Katharina Schennach Harald Fuchs Dietmar Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Pteridines indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase macrophages neopterin t-cell activation |
| title | Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| title_full | Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| title_fullStr | Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| title_short | Neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| title_sort | neopterin suppresses the activity of tryptophan degrading enzyme indoleamine 2 3 dioxygenase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
| topic | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase macrophages neopterin t-cell activation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2013-0037 |
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