Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments
This paper presents sub-6 GHz channel measurements using a directional antenna at the transmitter and a directional or omnidirectional antenna at the receiver at 4.145 GHz in sparse and dense industrial environments for a line-of-sight scenario. Furthermore, the first measured over-the-air error vec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9971737/ |
| _version_ | 1811184565021048832 |
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| author | Berna Bulut Cebecioglu Yuen Kwan Mo Son Dinh-Van Daniel S. Fowler Alex Evans Aparajithan Sivanathan Erik Kampert Bilal Ahmad Matthew D. Higgins |
| author_facet | Berna Bulut Cebecioglu Yuen Kwan Mo Son Dinh-Van Daniel S. Fowler Alex Evans Aparajithan Sivanathan Erik Kampert Bilal Ahmad Matthew D. Higgins |
| author_sort | Berna Bulut Cebecioglu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents sub-6 GHz channel measurements using a directional antenna at the transmitter and a directional or omnidirectional antenna at the receiver at 4.145 GHz in sparse and dense industrial environments for a line-of-sight scenario. Furthermore, the first measured over-the-air error vector magnitude (EVM) results depending on different 5G new radio modulation and coding schemes (MCSs of16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM) are provided. From the measurement campaigns, the path loss exponents (PLE) using a directional and an omnidirectional antenna at the receiver in the sparse and the dense environment are 1.24/1.39 and 1.35/1.5, respectively. PLE results are lower than the theoretical free space PLE of 2, indicating that indoor industrial environments have rich multipaths. The measured power delay profiles show the maximum root mean square (RMS) delay spreads of 11 ns with a directional antenna and 34 ns with an omnidirectional antenna at the receiver in a sparse industrial environment. However, in a dense industrial environment the maximum RMS delay spreads are significantly increased: maximum RMS delay spreads range from 226 to 282 ns for the omnidirectional and the directional antenna configuration. EVM measurements show that to increase coverage and enable higher MCS modes to be used for reliable data transmission, in both industrial environments using a directional antenna at the transmitter and the receiver is required. The large-scale path loss models, multipath time dispersion characteristics and EVM results provide insight into the deployments of 5G networks operating at sub-6 GHz frequency bands in different industrial environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14b82ea905d24ee2b021ebf6e6dc4680 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:15:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-14b82ea905d24ee2b021ebf6e6dc46802022-12-22T04:22:25ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-011012774212775310.1109/ACCESS.2022.32270529971737Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial EnvironmentsBerna Bulut Cebecioglu0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5988-4718Yuen Kwan Mo1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-1669Son Dinh-Van2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2734-3156Daniel S. Fowler3Alex Evans4Aparajithan Sivanathan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-9488Erik Kampert6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7159-8578Bilal Ahmad7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-9161Matthew D. Higgins8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6863-6476Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.AMRC North West, Roy Chadwick Way, Samlesbury Aerospace Enterprise Zone, Blackburn, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG), University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K.This paper presents sub-6 GHz channel measurements using a directional antenna at the transmitter and a directional or omnidirectional antenna at the receiver at 4.145 GHz in sparse and dense industrial environments for a line-of-sight scenario. Furthermore, the first measured over-the-air error vector magnitude (EVM) results depending on different 5G new radio modulation and coding schemes (MCSs of16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM) are provided. From the measurement campaigns, the path loss exponents (PLE) using a directional and an omnidirectional antenna at the receiver in the sparse and the dense environment are 1.24/1.39 and 1.35/1.5, respectively. PLE results are lower than the theoretical free space PLE of 2, indicating that indoor industrial environments have rich multipaths. The measured power delay profiles show the maximum root mean square (RMS) delay spreads of 11 ns with a directional antenna and 34 ns with an omnidirectional antenna at the receiver in a sparse industrial environment. However, in a dense industrial environment the maximum RMS delay spreads are significantly increased: maximum RMS delay spreads range from 226 to 282 ns for the omnidirectional and the directional antenna configuration. EVM measurements show that to increase coverage and enable higher MCS modes to be used for reliable data transmission, in both industrial environments using a directional antenna at the transmitter and the receiver is required. The large-scale path loss models, multipath time dispersion characteristics and EVM results provide insight into the deployments of 5G networks operating at sub-6 GHz frequency bands in different industrial environments.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9971737/5Gchannel measurementchannel modelingchannel statisticsindoor factoryindustrial environment |
| spellingShingle | Berna Bulut Cebecioglu Yuen Kwan Mo Son Dinh-Van Daniel S. Fowler Alex Evans Aparajithan Sivanathan Erik Kampert Bilal Ahmad Matthew D. Higgins Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments IEEE Access 5G channel measurement channel modeling channel statistics indoor factory industrial environment |
| title | Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments |
| title_full | Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments |
| title_fullStr | Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments |
| title_short | Sub-6 GHz Channel Modeling and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environments |
| title_sort | sub 6 ghz channel modeling and evaluation in indoor industrial environments |
| topic | 5G channel measurement channel modeling channel statistics indoor factory industrial environment |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9971737/ |
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