Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz
Abstract This study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO2 flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO2 compositions (avg. CO2/ST ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing mod...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51380-5 |
| _version_ | 1797355833634324480 |
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| author | João Lages Zoraida Chacón Julian Ramirez Alessandro Aiuppa Santiago Arellano Marcello Bitetto Julián O. Peña Diego Coppola Marco Laiolo Francesco Massimetti Lina Castaño Carlos Laverde Giancarlo Tamburello Gaetano Giudice Cristian Lopez |
| author_facet | João Lages Zoraida Chacón Julian Ramirez Alessandro Aiuppa Santiago Arellano Marcello Bitetto Julián O. Peña Diego Coppola Marco Laiolo Francesco Massimetti Lina Castaño Carlos Laverde Giancarlo Tamburello Gaetano Giudice Cristian Lopez |
| author_sort | João Lages |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO2 flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO2 compositions (avg. CO2/ST ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO2/ST ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1–4 km depth range. Separate ascent of CO2-rich gas bubbles through shallow (< 1 km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of ~ 974 mm3 of shallow (1–4 km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO2 degassing recorded during 2018–2021 (average flux ~ 1548 t/d). Of this, only < 1 mm3 of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO2 gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:16:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14bc55ef4027416aa86ca70f13e74dc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:16:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-14bc55ef4027416aa86ca70f13e74dc72024-01-14T12:20:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-51380-5Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del RuizJoão Lages0Zoraida Chacón1Julian Ramirez2Alessandro Aiuppa3Santiago Arellano4Marcello Bitetto5Julián O. Peña6Diego Coppola7Marco Laiolo8Francesco Massimetti9Lina Castaño10Carlos Laverde11Giancarlo Tamburello12Gaetano Giudice13Cristian Lopez14Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi Di PalermoServicio Geológico Colombiano, Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de ManizalesServicio Geológico Colombiano, Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de ManizalesDipartimento DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi Di PalermoDepartment of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of TechnologyDipartimento DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi Di PalermoServicio Geológico Colombiano, Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de ManizalesDipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di TorinoDipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di TorinoDipartimento Di Scienze Della Terra, Università Di TorinoServicio Geológico Colombiano, Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de ManizalesServicio Geológico Colombiano, Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de ManizalesIstituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia, Sezione Di BolognaIstituto Nazionale Di Geofisica E Vulcanologia, Osservatorio EtneoServicio Geológico Colombiano, Observatorio Vulcanológico y Sismológico de ManizalesAbstract This study combines volcanic gas compositions, SO2 flux and satellite thermal data collected at Nevado del Ruiz between 2018 and 2021. We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO2 compositions (avg. CO2/ST ratios of 5.4 ± 1.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO2/ST ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1–4 km depth range. Separate ascent of CO2-rich gas bubbles through shallow (< 1 km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of ~ 974 mm3 of shallow (1–4 km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO2 degassing recorded during 2018–2021 (average flux ~ 1548 t/d). Of this, only < 1 mm3 of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO2 gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51380-5 |
| spellingShingle | João Lages Zoraida Chacón Julian Ramirez Alessandro Aiuppa Santiago Arellano Marcello Bitetto Julián O. Peña Diego Coppola Marco Laiolo Francesco Massimetti Lina Castaño Carlos Laverde Giancarlo Tamburello Gaetano Giudice Cristian Lopez Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz Scientific Reports |
| title | Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz |
| title_full | Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz |
| title_fullStr | Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz |
| title_short | Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz |
| title_sort | excess degassing drives long term volcanic unrest at nevado del ruiz |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51380-5 |
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