Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a ductile metal in the form of a blueish or silvery-white powder. It is naturally found in soil (about 0.2 mg/kg), minerals, and water. Cd belongs to the group of toxic, carcinogenic, and stimulating elements. Its biological half-life in the human body ranges from 16 to even 30 years...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6620 |
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| author | Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk Karolina Nowak Marzena Garley Jacek Nikliński |
| author_facet | Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk Karolina Nowak Marzena Garley Jacek Nikliński |
| author_sort | Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) is a ductile metal in the form of a blueish or silvery-white powder. It is naturally found in soil (about 0.2 mg/kg), minerals, and water. Cd belongs to the group of toxic, carcinogenic, and stimulating elements. Its biological half-life in the human body ranges from 16 to even 30 years on average. Some lung diseases (such as emphysema, asthma, and bronchitis) and high blood pressure are thought to be related to slow poisoning. The symptoms of cadmium poisoning may vary depending on the time of exposure, the type of diet, and the age and health status of the exposed people. For non-smokers and non-occupational exposures, the only source of exposure is diet. The FAO/WHO recommends that the tolerable cadmium intake for an adult is approximately 0.4–0.5 mg/week (60–70 µg per day). Cadmium is primarily absorbed through the respiratory system (about 13–19% of Cd from the air), but it can also enter through the digestive system (about 10–44%), when dust is mixed and swallowed with saliva. The amount of accumulated Cd ranges from 0.14 to 3.2 ppm in muscles, 1.8 ppm in bones, and 0.0052 ppm in the blood. People who are most frequently exposed to heavy metals should be continuously monitored in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle, as well as to implement effective preventive measures and improve public health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:23:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14c0a767b23247968c09794cc15c4a15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:23:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-14c0a767b23247968c09794cc15c4a152023-11-19T12:10:03ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-09-012818662010.3390/molecules28186620Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief SummaryAngelika Edyta Charkiewicz0Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk1Karolina Nowak2Marzena Garley3Jacek Nikliński4Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-222 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USADepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Clinical Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, PolandCadmium (Cd) is a ductile metal in the form of a blueish or silvery-white powder. It is naturally found in soil (about 0.2 mg/kg), minerals, and water. Cd belongs to the group of toxic, carcinogenic, and stimulating elements. Its biological half-life in the human body ranges from 16 to even 30 years on average. Some lung diseases (such as emphysema, asthma, and bronchitis) and high blood pressure are thought to be related to slow poisoning. The symptoms of cadmium poisoning may vary depending on the time of exposure, the type of diet, and the age and health status of the exposed people. For non-smokers and non-occupational exposures, the only source of exposure is diet. The FAO/WHO recommends that the tolerable cadmium intake for an adult is approximately 0.4–0.5 mg/week (60–70 µg per day). Cadmium is primarily absorbed through the respiratory system (about 13–19% of Cd from the air), but it can also enter through the digestive system (about 10–44%), when dust is mixed and swallowed with saliva. The amount of accumulated Cd ranges from 0.14 to 3.2 ppm in muscles, 1.8 ppm in bones, and 0.0052 ppm in the blood. People who are most frequently exposed to heavy metals should be continuously monitored in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle, as well as to implement effective preventive measures and improve public health.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6620cadmiumexposure and absorptiontoxic elementpoisoning and effects |
| spellingShingle | Angelika Edyta Charkiewicz Wioleta Justyna Omeljaniuk Karolina Nowak Marzena Garley Jacek Nikliński Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary Molecules cadmium exposure and absorption toxic element poisoning and effects |
| title | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
| title_full | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
| title_fullStr | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
| title_short | Cadmium Toxicity and Health Effects—A Brief Summary |
| title_sort | cadmium toxicity and health effects a brief summary |
| topic | cadmium exposure and absorption toxic element poisoning and effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6620 |
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