Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group.
Asexual species with vegetative propagation of both symbiont partners (soredia) in lichens may harbor lower species diversity because they may indeed represent evolutionary dead ends or clones. In this study we aim to critically examine species boundaries in the sorediate lichen forming fungi Parmot...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2016-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4981466?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818525744641343488 |
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| author | Ruth Del-Prado Pradeep Kumar Divakar H Thorsten Lumbsch Ana M Crespo |
| author_facet | Ruth Del-Prado Pradeep Kumar Divakar H Thorsten Lumbsch Ana M Crespo |
| author_sort | Ruth Del-Prado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asexual species with vegetative propagation of both symbiont partners (soredia) in lichens may harbor lower species diversity because they may indeed represent evolutionary dead ends or clones. In this study we aim to critically examine species boundaries in the sorediate lichen forming fungi Parmotrema reticulatum-Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum complex applying coalescent-based approaches and other recently developed DNA-based methods. To this end, we gathered 180 samples from Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North and South America and generated sequences of internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 (MCM7). The dataset was analysed using different approaches such as traditional phylogeny-maximum likelihood and Bayesian-genetic distances, automatic barcode gap discovery and coalescent-based methods-PTP, GMYC, spedeSTEM and *Beast-in order to test congruence among results. Additionally, the divergence times were also estimated to elucidate diversification events. Delimitations inferred from the different analyses are comparable with only minor differences, and following a conservative approach we propose that the sampled specimens of the P. reticulatum-P. pseudoreticulatum complex belong to at least eight distinct species-level lineages. Seven are currently classified under P. reticulatum and one as P. pseudoreticulatum. In this work we discuss one of only few examples of cryptic species that have so far been found in sorediate reproducing lichen forming fungi. Additionally our estimates suggest a recent origin of the species complex-during the Miocene. Consequently, the wide distribution of several of the cryptic species has to be explained by intercontinental long-distance dispersal events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:13:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14c23763f2a940dab165e6fd7e38abfc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:13:02Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-14c23763f2a940dab165e6fd7e38abfc2022-12-22T01:18:03ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01118e016103110.1371/journal.pone.0161031Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group.Ruth Del-PradoPradeep Kumar DivakarH Thorsten LumbschAna M CrespoAsexual species with vegetative propagation of both symbiont partners (soredia) in lichens may harbor lower species diversity because they may indeed represent evolutionary dead ends or clones. In this study we aim to critically examine species boundaries in the sorediate lichen forming fungi Parmotrema reticulatum-Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum complex applying coalescent-based approaches and other recently developed DNA-based methods. To this end, we gathered 180 samples from Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North and South America and generated sequences of internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) and DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 (MCM7). The dataset was analysed using different approaches such as traditional phylogeny-maximum likelihood and Bayesian-genetic distances, automatic barcode gap discovery and coalescent-based methods-PTP, GMYC, spedeSTEM and *Beast-in order to test congruence among results. Additionally, the divergence times were also estimated to elucidate diversification events. Delimitations inferred from the different analyses are comparable with only minor differences, and following a conservative approach we propose that the sampled specimens of the P. reticulatum-P. pseudoreticulatum complex belong to at least eight distinct species-level lineages. Seven are currently classified under P. reticulatum and one as P. pseudoreticulatum. In this work we discuss one of only few examples of cryptic species that have so far been found in sorediate reproducing lichen forming fungi. Additionally our estimates suggest a recent origin of the species complex-during the Miocene. Consequently, the wide distribution of several of the cryptic species has to be explained by intercontinental long-distance dispersal events.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4981466?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Ruth Del-Prado Pradeep Kumar Divakar H Thorsten Lumbsch Ana M Crespo Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group. PLoS ONE |
| title | Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group. |
| title_full | Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group. |
| title_fullStr | Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group. |
| title_short | Hidden Genetic Diversity in an Asexually Reproducing Lichen Forming Fungal Group. |
| title_sort | hidden genetic diversity in an asexually reproducing lichen forming fungal group |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4981466?pdf=render |
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