Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis
Background India has been implementing active case-finding (ACF) for TB among marginalised and vulnerable (high-risk) populations since 2017. The effectiveness of ACF cycle(s) is dependent on the use of appropriate screening and diagnostic tools and meeting quality indicators. Objectives To determin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Global Health Action |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2256129 |
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| author | Hemant Deepak Shewade G. Kiruthika Prabhadevi Ravichandran Swati Iyer Aniket Chowdhury S. Kiran Pradeep Kathiresan Jeyashree S. Devika Joshua Chadwick Jeromie Wesley Vivian Dheeraj Tumu Amar N. Shah Bhavin Vadera Venkatesh Roddawar Sanjay K. Mattoo Kiran Rade Raghuram Rao Manoj V. Murhekar |
| author_facet | Hemant Deepak Shewade G. Kiruthika Prabhadevi Ravichandran Swati Iyer Aniket Chowdhury S. Kiran Pradeep Kathiresan Jeyashree S. Devika Joshua Chadwick Jeromie Wesley Vivian Dheeraj Tumu Amar N. Shah Bhavin Vadera Venkatesh Roddawar Sanjay K. Mattoo Kiran Rade Raghuram Rao Manoj V. Murhekar |
| author_sort | Hemant Deepak Shewade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background India has been implementing active case-finding (ACF) for TB among marginalised and vulnerable (high-risk) populations since 2017. The effectiveness of ACF cycle(s) is dependent on the use of appropriate screening and diagnostic tools and meeting quality indicators. Objectives To determine the number of ACF cycles implemented in 2021 at national, state (n = 36) and district (n = 768) level and quality indicators for the first ACF cycle. Methods In this descriptive study, aggregate TB program data for each ACF activity that was extracted was further aggregated against each ACF cycle at the district level in 2021. One ACF cycle was the period identified to cover all the high-risk populations in the district. Three TB ACF quality indicators were calculated: percentage population screened (≥10%), percentage tested among screened (≥4.8%) and percentage diagnosed among tested (≥5%). We also calculated the number needed to screen (NNS) for diagnosing one person with TB (≤1538). Results Of 768 TB districts, ACF data for 111 were not available. Of the remaining 657 districts, 642 (98%) implemented one, and 15 implemented two to three ACF cycles. None of the districts or states met all three TB ACF quality indicators’ cut-offs. At the national level, for the first ACF cycle, 9.3% of the population were screened, 1% of the screened were tested and 3.7% of the tested were diagnosed. The NNS was 2824: acceptable (≤1538) in institutional facilities and poor for population-based groups. Data were not consistently available to calculate the percentage of i) high-risk population covered, ii) presumptive TB among screened and iii) tested among presumptive. Conclusion In 2021, India implemented one ACF cycle with sub-optimal ACF quality indicators. Reducing the losses between screening and testing, improving data quality and sensitising stakeholders regarding the importance of meeting all ACF quality indicators are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:06:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14c9196225454fc190397f83f5bf729f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1654-9880 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T13:06:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Global Health Action |
| spelling | doaj.art-14c9196225454fc190397f83f5bf729f2024-01-18T15:58:24ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGlobal Health Action1654-98802023-12-0116110.1080/16549716.2023.22561292256129Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysisHemant Deepak Shewade0G. Kiruthika1Prabhadevi Ravichandran2Swati Iyer3Aniket Chowdhury4S. Kiran Pradeep5Kathiresan Jeyashree6S. Devika7Joshua Chadwick8Jeromie Wesley Vivian9Dheeraj Tumu10Amar N. Shah11Bhavin Vadera12Venkatesh Roddawar13Sanjay K. Mattoo14Kiran Rade15Raghuram Rao16Manoj V. Murhekar17Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Division of Health Systems Research, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Tuberculosis, Office of the World Health Organization (WHO) Representative to IndiaTuberculosis, Office of the World Health Organization (WHO) Representative to IndiaDivision of Health Systems Research, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)School of Public Health, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Tuberculosis, Office of the World Health Organization (WHO) Representative to IndiaHealth Office, USAID IndiaHealth Office, USAID IndiaTIFA project, John Snow India Private LtdCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family WelfareTuberculosis, Office of the World Health Organization (WHO) Representative to IndiaCentral TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family WelfareDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE)Background India has been implementing active case-finding (ACF) for TB among marginalised and vulnerable (high-risk) populations since 2017. The effectiveness of ACF cycle(s) is dependent on the use of appropriate screening and diagnostic tools and meeting quality indicators. Objectives To determine the number of ACF cycles implemented in 2021 at national, state (n = 36) and district (n = 768) level and quality indicators for the first ACF cycle. Methods In this descriptive study, aggregate TB program data for each ACF activity that was extracted was further aggregated against each ACF cycle at the district level in 2021. One ACF cycle was the period identified to cover all the high-risk populations in the district. Three TB ACF quality indicators were calculated: percentage population screened (≥10%), percentage tested among screened (≥4.8%) and percentage diagnosed among tested (≥5%). We also calculated the number needed to screen (NNS) for diagnosing one person with TB (≤1538). Results Of 768 TB districts, ACF data for 111 were not available. Of the remaining 657 districts, 642 (98%) implemented one, and 15 implemented two to three ACF cycles. None of the districts or states met all three TB ACF quality indicators’ cut-offs. At the national level, for the first ACF cycle, 9.3% of the population were screened, 1% of the screened were tested and 3.7% of the tested were diagnosed. The NNS was 2824: acceptable (≤1538) in institutional facilities and poor for population-based groups. Data were not consistently available to calculate the percentage of i) high-risk population covered, ii) presumptive TB among screened and iii) tested among presumptive. Conclusion In 2021, India implemented one ACF cycle with sub-optimal ACF quality indicators. Reducing the losses between screening and testing, improving data quality and sensitising stakeholders regarding the importance of meeting all ACF quality indicators are recommended.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2256129operational researchtb acf cyclenumber needed to screentb acf quality indicatorshigh-risk groupsindia |
| spellingShingle | Hemant Deepak Shewade G. Kiruthika Prabhadevi Ravichandran Swati Iyer Aniket Chowdhury S. Kiran Pradeep Kathiresan Jeyashree S. Devika Joshua Chadwick Jeromie Wesley Vivian Dheeraj Tumu Amar N. Shah Bhavin Vadera Venkatesh Roddawar Sanjay K. Mattoo Kiran Rade Raghuram Rao Manoj V. Murhekar Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis Global Health Action operational research tb acf cycle number needed to screen tb acf quality indicators high-risk groups india |
| title | Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis |
| title_full | Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis |
| title_fullStr | Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis |
| title_short | Quality of active case-finding for tuberculosis in India: a national level secondary data analysis |
| title_sort | quality of active case finding for tuberculosis in india a national level secondary data analysis |
| topic | operational research tb acf cycle number needed to screen tb acf quality indicators high-risk groups india |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2256129 |
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