The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
Abstract Background Consuming oral contraceptive pills is one of the methods for preventing pregnancy worldwide. As using the pills has always caused the greatest concern for the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases and also given the limited conducted studies in this regard, this study...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | Contraception and Reproductive Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40834-020-00110-z |
| _version_ | 1818438360718376960 |
|---|---|
| author | Zahra Momeni Ali Dehghani Hossein Fallahzadeh Moslem Koohgardi Maryam Dafei Seyed Hossein Hekmatimoghaddam Masoud Mohammadi |
| author_facet | Zahra Momeni Ali Dehghani Hossein Fallahzadeh Moslem Koohgardi Maryam Dafei Seyed Hossein Hekmatimoghaddam Masoud Mohammadi |
| author_sort | Zahra Momeni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Consuming oral contraceptive pills is one of the methods for preventing pregnancy worldwide. As using the pills has always caused the greatest concern for the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases and also given the limited conducted studies in this regard, this study was carried out to determine the impacts of low dose birth control pills on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods This was a combined cohort study conducted on 100 women, having the age range 20–35 years and normal menstrual cycles, referred to the health care centers in Yazd, Iran. The demographic data were obtained through face to face interviews performed by the researcher. Anthropometric indexes were measured and biochemical factors were determined by testing blood samples. Then, using SPSS 16 and statistical independent t-test and Chi- square, the data were analyzed. Results The mean ± standard deviations of plasma levels of homocysteine, nitric oxide, cholesterol, triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, and High Density Lipoprotein levels in the group consumed low dose contraceptive pills were 3.84 ± 2.35 μmol/l, 181.36 ± 90.44 μM, 180.7 ± 38.28 mg/dl, 129.82 ± 47.92 mg/ dl, 101.42 ± 30.66 mg/dl, and 56.46 ± 8.42 mg/dl, There were significant statistical differences between those consuming the pills and those not consuming the pills regarding cholesterol (P < 0.05). Conclusion Consuming Low Dose contraceptive pills can increase the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low Density Lipoprotein levels; i.e. this condition is called dyslipidemia. On the other hand, there were no changes in the levels of homocysteine and nitric oxide in the healthy women consuming the pills; therefore, the pills may not develop cardiovascular diseases in healthy women. Accordingly, it is recommended that the health care providers prescribe the pills for the women with cautions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:39:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14ca7fdcba3342399d9961626ecdf723 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-7426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:39:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Contraception and Reproductive Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-14ca7fdcba3342399d9961626ecdf7232022-12-21T22:52:52ZengBMCContraception and Reproductive Medicine2055-74262020-06-01511610.1186/s40834-020-00110-zThe impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseasesZahra Momeni0Ali Dehghani1Hossein Fallahzadeh2Moslem Koohgardi3Maryam Dafei4Seyed Hossein Hekmatimoghaddam5Masoud Mohammadi6Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Health Faculity, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesDepartment of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Health Faculity, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesDepartment of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Health Faculity, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesDepartment of Health Education & Health Promotion, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Consuming oral contraceptive pills is one of the methods for preventing pregnancy worldwide. As using the pills has always caused the greatest concern for the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases and also given the limited conducted studies in this regard, this study was carried out to determine the impacts of low dose birth control pills on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Methods This was a combined cohort study conducted on 100 women, having the age range 20–35 years and normal menstrual cycles, referred to the health care centers in Yazd, Iran. The demographic data were obtained through face to face interviews performed by the researcher. Anthropometric indexes were measured and biochemical factors were determined by testing blood samples. Then, using SPSS 16 and statistical independent t-test and Chi- square, the data were analyzed. Results The mean ± standard deviations of plasma levels of homocysteine, nitric oxide, cholesterol, triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, and High Density Lipoprotein levels in the group consumed low dose contraceptive pills were 3.84 ± 2.35 μmol/l, 181.36 ± 90.44 μM, 180.7 ± 38.28 mg/dl, 129.82 ± 47.92 mg/ dl, 101.42 ± 30.66 mg/dl, and 56.46 ± 8.42 mg/dl, There were significant statistical differences between those consuming the pills and those not consuming the pills regarding cholesterol (P < 0.05). Conclusion Consuming Low Dose contraceptive pills can increase the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low Density Lipoprotein levels; i.e. this condition is called dyslipidemia. On the other hand, there were no changes in the levels of homocysteine and nitric oxide in the healthy women consuming the pills; therefore, the pills may not develop cardiovascular diseases in healthy women. Accordingly, it is recommended that the health care providers prescribe the pills for the women with cautions.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40834-020-00110-zOral contraceptive pillsHomocysteineNitric oxideLipid profileCombined cohort study |
| spellingShingle | Zahra Momeni Ali Dehghani Hossein Fallahzadeh Moslem Koohgardi Maryam Dafei Seyed Hossein Hekmatimoghaddam Masoud Mohammadi The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases Contraception and Reproductive Medicine Oral contraceptive pills Homocysteine Nitric oxide Lipid profile Combined cohort study |
| title | The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases |
| title_full | The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases |
| title_fullStr | The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases |
| title_short | The impacts of pill contraceptive low-dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide, homocysteine, and lipid profiles in the exposed vs. non exposed women: as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases |
| title_sort | impacts of pill contraceptive low dose on plasma levels of nitric oxide homocysteine and lipid profiles in the exposed vs non exposed women as the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases |
| topic | Oral contraceptive pills Homocysteine Nitric oxide Lipid profile Combined cohort study |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40834-020-00110-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zahramomeni theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT alidehghani theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT hosseinfallahzadeh theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT moslemkoohgardi theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT maryamdafei theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT seyedhosseinhekmatimoghaddam theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT masoudmohammadi theimpactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT zahramomeni impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT alidehghani impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT hosseinfallahzadeh impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT moslemkoohgardi impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT maryamdafei impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT seyedhosseinhekmatimoghaddam impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases AT masoudmohammadi impactsofpillcontraceptivelowdoseonplasmalevelsofnitricoxidehomocysteineandlipidprofilesintheexposedvsnonexposedwomenastheriskfactorforcardiovasculardiseases |