Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction
<p>An advanced multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker <i>Polarstern</i> during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition to continuously monitor aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13397/2021/acp-21-13397-2021.pdf |
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| author | R. Engelmann A. Ansmann K. Ohneiser H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli I. Veselovskii C. Jimenez R. Wiesen H. Baars J. Bühl H. Gebauer M. Haarig P. Seifert U. Wandinger A. Macke |
| author_facet | R. Engelmann A. Ansmann K. Ohneiser H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli I. Veselovskii C. Jimenez R. Wiesen H. Baars J. Bühl H. Gebauer M. Haarig P. Seifert U. Wandinger A. Macke |
| author_sort | R. Engelmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>An advanced multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker <i>Polarstern</i> during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition to continuously monitor aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic up to 30 km height. The expedition lasted from September 2019 to October 2020 and measurements were mostly taken between 85 and 88.5<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N. The lidar was integrated into a complex remote-sensing infrastructure aboard the <i>Polarstern</i>.
In this article, novel lidar techniques, innovative concepts to study aerosol–cloud interaction in the Arctic, and unique MOSAiC findings will be presented.
The highlight of the lidar measurements was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole region between 7–8 km and 17–18 km height with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 532 nm of around 0.1 (in October–November 2019) and 0.05 from December to March. The dual-wavelength Raman lidar technique allowed us to unambiguously identify smoke as the dominating aerosol type in the aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). An additional contribution to the 532 nm AOT by volcanic sulfate aerosol (Raikoke eruption) was estimated to always be lower than 15 %. The optical and microphysical properties of the UTLS smoke layer are presented in an accompanying paper <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx106">Ohneiser et al.</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx106">2021</a>)</span>.
This smoke event offered the unique opportunity to study the influence of organic aerosol particles (serving as ice-nucleating particles, INPs) on cirrus formation in the upper troposphere. An example of a closure study is presented to explain our concept of investigating aerosol–cloud interaction in this field. The smoke particles were obviously able to control the evolution of the cirrus system and caused low ice crystal number concentration. After the discussion of two typical Arctic haze events, we present a case study of the evolution of a long-lasting mixed-phase cloud layer embedded in Arctic haze in the free troposphere. The recently introduced dual-field-of-view polarization lidar technique was applied, for the first time, to mixed-phase cloud observations in order to determine the microphysical properties of the water droplets. The mixed-phase cloud closure experiment (based on combined lidar and radar observations) indicated that the observed aerosol levels controlled the number concentrations of nucleated droplets and ice crystals.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:59:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14d1badc8bbf41078c91f503d877ad17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:59:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-14d1badc8bbf41078c91f503d877ad172022-12-21T17:44:21ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-09-0121133971342310.5194/acp-21-13397-2021Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introductionR. Engelmann0A. Ansmann1K. Ohneiser2H. Griesche3M. Radenz4J. Hofer5D. Althausen6S. Dahlke7M. Maturilli8I. Veselovskii9C. Jimenez10R. Wiesen11H. Baars12J. Bühl13H. Gebauer14M. Haarig15P. Seifert16U. Wandinger17A. Macke18Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, GermanyAlfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, GermanyProkhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany<p>An advanced multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar was operated aboard the icebreaker <i>Polarstern</i> during the MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition to continuously monitor aerosol and cloud layers in the central Arctic up to 30 km height. The expedition lasted from September 2019 to October 2020 and measurements were mostly taken between 85 and 88.5<span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span> N. The lidar was integrated into a complex remote-sensing infrastructure aboard the <i>Polarstern</i>. In this article, novel lidar techniques, innovative concepts to study aerosol–cloud interaction in the Arctic, and unique MOSAiC findings will be presented. The highlight of the lidar measurements was the detection of a 10 km deep wildfire smoke layer over the North Pole region between 7–8 km and 17–18 km height with an aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 532 nm of around 0.1 (in October–November 2019) and 0.05 from December to March. The dual-wavelength Raman lidar technique allowed us to unambiguously identify smoke as the dominating aerosol type in the aerosol layer in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). An additional contribution to the 532 nm AOT by volcanic sulfate aerosol (Raikoke eruption) was estimated to always be lower than 15 %. The optical and microphysical properties of the UTLS smoke layer are presented in an accompanying paper <span class="cit" id="xref_paren.1">(<a href="#bib1.bibx106">Ohneiser et al.</a>, <a href="#bib1.bibx106">2021</a>)</span>. This smoke event offered the unique opportunity to study the influence of organic aerosol particles (serving as ice-nucleating particles, INPs) on cirrus formation in the upper troposphere. An example of a closure study is presented to explain our concept of investigating aerosol–cloud interaction in this field. The smoke particles were obviously able to control the evolution of the cirrus system and caused low ice crystal number concentration. After the discussion of two typical Arctic haze events, we present a case study of the evolution of a long-lasting mixed-phase cloud layer embedded in Arctic haze in the free troposphere. The recently introduced dual-field-of-view polarization lidar technique was applied, for the first time, to mixed-phase cloud observations in order to determine the microphysical properties of the water droplets. The mixed-phase cloud closure experiment (based on combined lidar and radar observations) indicated that the observed aerosol levels controlled the number concentrations of nucleated droplets and ice crystals.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13397/2021/acp-21-13397-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | R. Engelmann A. Ansmann K. Ohneiser H. Griesche M. Radenz J. Hofer D. Althausen S. Dahlke M. Maturilli I. Veselovskii C. Jimenez R. Wiesen H. Baars J. Bühl H. Gebauer M. Haarig P. Seifert U. Wandinger A. Macke Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction |
| title_full | Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction |
| title_fullStr | Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction |
| title_short | Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction |
| title_sort | wildfire smoke arctic haze and aerosol effects on mixed phase and cirrus clouds over the north pole region during mosaic an introduction |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/13397/2021/acp-21-13397-2021.pdf |
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