Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides
<i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the L–cysteine amino acid, presents antioxidant and mucolytic properties of pharmaceutical interest. This work reports the preparation of organic-inorganic nanophases aiming for the development of drug delivery systems based on NAC interc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/3/955 |
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| author | Denise Eulálio Mariana Pires Figueiredo Christine Taviot-Gueho Fabrice Leroux Cristina Helena dos Reis Serra Dalva Lúcia Araújo de Faria Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino |
| author_facet | Denise Eulálio Mariana Pires Figueiredo Christine Taviot-Gueho Fabrice Leroux Cristina Helena dos Reis Serra Dalva Lúcia Araújo de Faria Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino |
| author_sort | Denise Eulálio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the L–cysteine amino acid, presents antioxidant and mucolytic properties of pharmaceutical interest. This work reports the preparation of organic-inorganic nanophases aiming for the development of drug delivery systems based on NAC intercalation into layered double hydroxides (LDH) of zinc–aluminum (Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC) and magnesium–aluminum (Mg<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC) compositions. A detailed characterization of the synthesized hybrid materials was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, solid-state <sup>13</sup>carbon and <sup>27</sup>aluminum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry coupled to mass spectrometry (TG/DSC–MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental chemical analysis to assess both chemical composition and structure of the samples. The experimental conditions allowed to isolate Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC nanomaterial with good crystallinity and a loading capacity of 27.3 (m/m)%. On the other hand, NAC intercalation was not successful into Mg<sub>2</sub>Al–LDH, being oxidized instead. In vitro drug delivery kinetic studies were performed using cylindrical tablets of Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC in a simulated physiological solution (extracellular matrix) to investigate the release profile. After 96 h, the tablet was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. NAC was replaced by anions such as hydrogen phosphate by a slow diffusion-controlled ion exchange process. Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC fulfil basic requirements to be employed as a drug delivery system with a defined microscopic structure, appreciable loading capacity, and allowing a controlled release of NAC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:01:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14d7b1d8eb354ccc8419f9eb94ebcbb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:01:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-14d7b1d8eb354ccc8419f9eb94ebcbb82023-11-17T13:16:45ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-03-0115395510.3390/pharmaceutics15030955Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered HydroxidesDenise Eulálio0Mariana Pires Figueiredo1Christine Taviot-Gueho2Fabrice Leroux3Cristina Helena dos Reis Serra4Dalva Lúcia Araújo de Faria5Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino6Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilInstitut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceInstitut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceDepartamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo—USP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil<i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the L–cysteine amino acid, presents antioxidant and mucolytic properties of pharmaceutical interest. This work reports the preparation of organic-inorganic nanophases aiming for the development of drug delivery systems based on NAC intercalation into layered double hydroxides (LDH) of zinc–aluminum (Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC) and magnesium–aluminum (Mg<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC) compositions. A detailed characterization of the synthesized hybrid materials was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, solid-state <sup>13</sup>carbon and <sup>27</sup>aluminum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry coupled to mass spectrometry (TG/DSC–MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental chemical analysis to assess both chemical composition and structure of the samples. The experimental conditions allowed to isolate Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC nanomaterial with good crystallinity and a loading capacity of 27.3 (m/m)%. On the other hand, NAC intercalation was not successful into Mg<sub>2</sub>Al–LDH, being oxidized instead. In vitro drug delivery kinetic studies were performed using cylindrical tablets of Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC in a simulated physiological solution (extracellular matrix) to investigate the release profile. After 96 h, the tablet was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. NAC was replaced by anions such as hydrogen phosphate by a slow diffusion-controlled ion exchange process. Zn<sub>2</sub>Al–NAC fulfil basic requirements to be employed as a drug delivery system with a defined microscopic structure, appreciable loading capacity, and allowing a controlled release of NAC.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/3/955layered double hydroxideshydrotalcite-like compoundsintercalation compoundslayered materialsacetylcysteinevibrational spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Denise Eulálio Mariana Pires Figueiredo Christine Taviot-Gueho Fabrice Leroux Cristina Helena dos Reis Serra Dalva Lúcia Araújo de Faria Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides Pharmaceutics layered double hydroxides hydrotalcite-like compounds intercalation compounds layered materials acetylcysteine vibrational spectroscopy |
| title | Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides |
| title_full | Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides |
| title_fullStr | Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides |
| title_short | Development of Dipeptide <i>N</i>–acetyl–L–cysteine Loaded Nanostructured Carriers Based on Inorganic Layered Hydroxides |
| title_sort | development of dipeptide i n i acetyl l cysteine loaded nanostructured carriers based on inorganic layered hydroxides |
| topic | layered double hydroxides hydrotalcite-like compounds intercalation compounds layered materials acetylcysteine vibrational spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/3/955 |
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