Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review
The aim of this literature review was to identify the stages of chronic kidney disease in dogs that have greater immune dysfunction and which cellular components of the innate and humoral immune system are most affected by the retention of uremic toxins. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Editora MV Valero
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Pubvet |
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| Online Access: | https://www.pubvet.com.br/artigo/10063/distuacuterbios-imunoloacutegicos-em-catildees-com-doenccedila-renal-crocircnica-revisatildeo |
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| author | Geovanny Romano de Sousa Almir Pereira de Souza Antônio Fernando Vaz de Melo Rosangela Maria Nunes da Silva |
| author_facet | Geovanny Romano de Sousa Almir Pereira de Souza Antônio Fernando Vaz de Melo Rosangela Maria Nunes da Silva |
| author_sort | Geovanny Romano de Sousa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this literature review was to identify the stages of chronic kidney disease in dogs that have greater immune dysfunction and which cellular components of the innate and humoral immune system are most affected by the retention of uremic toxins. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by being a serious and irreversible disease, but common in the practice of medical clinic for dogs and cats and usually affects those of advanced age. The consequences of chronic kidney disease can expand to other systems as the disease progresses; systemic arterial hypertension, hypertensive retinopathies and secondary renal hyperparathyroidism are examples of extra-renal impairment caused by chronic kidney disease. The Interest Renal Society (IRIS), established degrees of progression of renal impairment according to serum concentrations of symmetrical creatinine and dimethylarginine, biomarkers of kidney injury, which allows aid in diagnosis, classification of the degree of nephrological and systemic impairment and treatment affected patient. Studies in human patients demonstrate that, in the terminal stages of kidney disease, there is an impairment of the immune function of these patients, which contributes to the increase in the rate of deaths related to secondary infections, cancers caused by viruses and low responsiveness to vaccines. In Veterinary Medicine, despite the scarcity of research on immunosuppression in dogs with chronic kidney disease, some have observed, in vitro and in vivo environments, dysfunction in the innate and humoral immune system of dogs with advanced chronic kidney disease, due to the pro-inflammatory environment resulting from the retention of uremic toxins that had their clearance affected by impaired kidney excretory function. Stage III of chronic kidney disease in dogs requires greater care, not only to prevent the disease from progressing to stage IV, but also to prevent immune disorders that may result in death. The adoption of intervention criteria and measures aimed at preventing and / or minimizing these immunological disorders depends on the expansion of research on this topic to establish better clinical management for dogs with nephrological disorder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:12:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14e484ba573e482f8a55c9b0ad845a05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1982-1263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:12:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Editora MV Valero |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pubvet |
| spelling | doaj.art-14e484ba573e482f8a55c9b0ad845a052023-08-02T05:40:43ZengEditora MV ValeroPubvet1982-12632022-09-0116911210.31533/pubvet.v16n09a1212.1-12Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: ReviewGeovanny Romano de Sousa0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5244-9331Almir Pereira de Souza1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8587-5724Antônio Fernando Vaz de Melo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-1268Rosangela Maria Nunes da Silva3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3187-861XMédico Veterinário, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, BrasilProfessor Titular do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, BrasilProfessor(a)Associado(a) do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, BrasilProfessor(a)Associado(a) do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, BrasilThe aim of this literature review was to identify the stages of chronic kidney disease in dogs that have greater immune dysfunction and which cellular components of the innate and humoral immune system are most affected by the retention of uremic toxins. Chronic kidney disease is characterized by being a serious and irreversible disease, but common in the practice of medical clinic for dogs and cats and usually affects those of advanced age. The consequences of chronic kidney disease can expand to other systems as the disease progresses; systemic arterial hypertension, hypertensive retinopathies and secondary renal hyperparathyroidism are examples of extra-renal impairment caused by chronic kidney disease. The Interest Renal Society (IRIS), established degrees of progression of renal impairment according to serum concentrations of symmetrical creatinine and dimethylarginine, biomarkers of kidney injury, which allows aid in diagnosis, classification of the degree of nephrological and systemic impairment and treatment affected patient. Studies in human patients demonstrate that, in the terminal stages of kidney disease, there is an impairment of the immune function of these patients, which contributes to the increase in the rate of deaths related to secondary infections, cancers caused by viruses and low responsiveness to vaccines. In Veterinary Medicine, despite the scarcity of research on immunosuppression in dogs with chronic kidney disease, some have observed, in vitro and in vivo environments, dysfunction in the innate and humoral immune system of dogs with advanced chronic kidney disease, due to the pro-inflammatory environment resulting from the retention of uremic toxins that had their clearance affected by impaired kidney excretory function. Stage III of chronic kidney disease in dogs requires greater care, not only to prevent the disease from progressing to stage IV, but also to prevent immune disorders that may result in death. The adoption of intervention criteria and measures aimed at preventing and / or minimizing these immunological disorders depends on the expansion of research on this topic to establish better clinical management for dogs with nephrological disorder.https://www.pubvet.com.br/artigo/10063/distuacuterbios-imunoloacutegicos-em-catildees-com-doenccedila-renal-crocircnica-revisatildeodiagnosisextrarenalimmune systemirisuremic toxins |
| spellingShingle | Geovanny Romano de Sousa Almir Pereira de Souza Antônio Fernando Vaz de Melo Rosangela Maria Nunes da Silva Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review Pubvet diagnosis extrarenal immune system iris uremic toxins |
| title | Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review |
| title_full | Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review |
| title_fullStr | Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review |
| title_short | Immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease: Review |
| title_sort | immune disorders in dogs with chronic kidney disease review |
| topic | diagnosis extrarenal immune system iris uremic toxins |
| url | https://www.pubvet.com.br/artigo/10063/distuacuterbios-imunoloacutegicos-em-catildees-com-doenccedila-renal-crocircnica-revisatildeo |
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