Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System
The adsorption mechanisms for model hydrocarbons, 4-nitrophenol (PNP), and naphthalene were studied in a coagulation-based process using a ferric sulfate–lime softening system. Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters for this system were obtained under variable ionic strength and temperature...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/655 |
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| author | Deysi J. Venegas-García Lee D. Wilson |
| author_facet | Deysi J. Venegas-García Lee D. Wilson |
| author_sort | Deysi J. Venegas-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The adsorption mechanisms for model hydrocarbons, 4-nitrophenol (PNP), and naphthalene were studied in a coagulation-based process using a ferric sulfate–lime softening system. Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters for this system were obtained under variable ionic strength and temperature. An in situ method was used to investigate kinetic adsorption profiles for PNP and naphthalene, where a pseudo-first order kinetic model adequately described the process. Thermodynamic parameters for the coagulation of PNP and naphthalene reveal an endothermic and spontaneous process. River water was compared against lab water samples at optimized conditions, where the results reveal that ions in the river water decrease the removal efficiency (RE; %) for PNP (RE = 28 to 20.3%) and naphthalene (RE = 89.0 to 80.2%). An aluminum sulfate (alum) coagulant was compared against the ferric system. The removal of PNP with alum decreased from RE = 20.5% in lab water and to RE = 16.8% in river water. Naphthalene removal decreased from RE = 89.0% with ferric sulfate to RE = 83.2% with alum in lab water and from RE = 80.2% for the ferric system to RE = 75.1% for alum in river water. Optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering of isolated flocs corroborated the role of ions in river water, according to variable RE and floc size distribution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:49:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14eb81b648f54600b728d8d379469ad8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:49:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-14eb81b648f54600b728d8d379469ad82023-11-30T23:16:20ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-01-0116265510.3390/ma16020655Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening SystemDeysi J. Venegas-García0Lee D. Wilson1Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Thorvaldson Building (Room 165), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Thorvaldson Building (Room 165), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, CanadaThe adsorption mechanisms for model hydrocarbons, 4-nitrophenol (PNP), and naphthalene were studied in a coagulation-based process using a ferric sulfate–lime softening system. Kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption parameters for this system were obtained under variable ionic strength and temperature. An in situ method was used to investigate kinetic adsorption profiles for PNP and naphthalene, where a pseudo-first order kinetic model adequately described the process. Thermodynamic parameters for the coagulation of PNP and naphthalene reveal an endothermic and spontaneous process. River water was compared against lab water samples at optimized conditions, where the results reveal that ions in the river water decrease the removal efficiency (RE; %) for PNP (RE = 28 to 20.3%) and naphthalene (RE = 89.0 to 80.2%). An aluminum sulfate (alum) coagulant was compared against the ferric system. The removal of PNP with alum decreased from RE = 20.5% in lab water and to RE = 16.8% in river water. Naphthalene removal decreased from RE = 89.0% with ferric sulfate to RE = 83.2% with alum in lab water and from RE = 80.2% for the ferric system to RE = 75.1% for alum in river water. Optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering of isolated flocs corroborated the role of ions in river water, according to variable RE and floc size distribution.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/655<i>p</i>-nitrophenolnaphthalenecoagulationkineticsthermodynamicsferric sulfate |
| spellingShingle | Deysi J. Venegas-García Lee D. Wilson Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System Materials <i>p</i>-nitrophenol naphthalene coagulation kinetics thermodynamics ferric sulfate |
| title | Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System |
| title_full | Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System |
| title_short | Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption for Aromatic Hydrocarbon Model Systems via a Coagulation Process with a Ferric Sulfate–Lime Softening System |
| title_sort | kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption for aromatic hydrocarbon model systems via a coagulation process with a ferric sulfate lime softening system |
| topic | <i>p</i>-nitrophenol naphthalene coagulation kinetics thermodynamics ferric sulfate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/655 |
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