Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts
East Coast Fever (ECF), caused by <i>Theileria parva</i>, is a major constraint to improved livestock keeping in east and central Africa, including Zambia. To understand the dynamics and determine the candidates for immunization in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba districts, a combination o...
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2022-01-01
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| author | Walter Muleya David Kalenzi Atuhaire Zachariah Mupila Victor Mbao Purity Mayembe Sydney Kalenga Paul Fandamu Boniface Namangala Jeremy Salt Antony Jim Musoke |
| author_facet | Walter Muleya David Kalenzi Atuhaire Zachariah Mupila Victor Mbao Purity Mayembe Sydney Kalenga Paul Fandamu Boniface Namangala Jeremy Salt Antony Jim Musoke |
| author_sort | Walter Muleya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | East Coast Fever (ECF), caused by <i>Theileria parva</i>, is a major constraint to improved livestock keeping in east and central Africa, including Zambia. To understand the dynamics and determine the candidates for immunization in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba districts, a combination of Tp1 and Tp2 gene sequencing and microsatellite analysis using nine markers was conducted from which an abundance of Muguga, Kiambu, Serengeti and Katete epitopes in the field samples was obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed six (Tp1) and three (Tp2) clusters with an absence of geographical origin clustering. The majority of haplotypes were related to Muguga, Kiambu, Serengeti and Katete, and only a few were related to Chitongo. Both antigens showed purifying selection with an absence of positive selection sites. Furthermore, low to moderate genetic differentiation was observed among and within the populations, and when vaccine stocks were compared with field samples, Chongwe samples showed more similarity to Katete and less to Chitongo, while Chisamba samples showed similarity to both Katete and Chitongo and not to Muguga, Kiambu or Serengeti. We conclude that the use of Katete stock for immunization trials in both Chongwe and Chisamba districts might produce desirable protection against ECF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:16:35Z |
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| id | doaj.art-14f08626a8c3484aaafb4333c916887b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:16:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-14f08626a8c3484aaafb4333c916887b2023-11-23T21:30:35ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-01-0111211410.3390/pathogens11020114Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba DistrictsWalter Muleya0David Kalenzi Atuhaire1Zachariah Mupila2Victor Mbao3Purity Mayembe4Sydney Kalenga5Paul Fandamu6Boniface Namangala7Jeremy Salt8Antony Jim Musoke9Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaCentre for Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, Lilongwe, MalawiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaEastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, International Development Research Centre, Nairobi 00200, KenyaDepartment of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 50060, ZambiaDepartment of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 50060, ZambiaDepartment of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 50060, ZambiaDepartment of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaGlobal Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UKLMK Medical Laboratories and Consultancies, Kampala P.O. Box 33686, UgandaEast Coast Fever (ECF), caused by <i>Theileria parva</i>, is a major constraint to improved livestock keeping in east and central Africa, including Zambia. To understand the dynamics and determine the candidates for immunization in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba districts, a combination of Tp1 and Tp2 gene sequencing and microsatellite analysis using nine markers was conducted from which an abundance of Muguga, Kiambu, Serengeti and Katete epitopes in the field samples was obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed six (Tp1) and three (Tp2) clusters with an absence of geographical origin clustering. The majority of haplotypes were related to Muguga, Kiambu, Serengeti and Katete, and only a few were related to Chitongo. Both antigens showed purifying selection with an absence of positive selection sites. Furthermore, low to moderate genetic differentiation was observed among and within the populations, and when vaccine stocks were compared with field samples, Chongwe samples showed more similarity to Katete and less to Chitongo, while Chisamba samples showed similarity to both Katete and Chitongo and not to Muguga, Kiambu or Serengeti. We conclude that the use of Katete stock for immunization trials in both Chongwe and Chisamba districts might produce desirable protection against ECF.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/114<i>Theileria parva</i>ECF immunizationsub-structuringTp1Tp2Zambia |
| spellingShingle | Walter Muleya David Kalenzi Atuhaire Zachariah Mupila Victor Mbao Purity Mayembe Sydney Kalenga Paul Fandamu Boniface Namangala Jeremy Salt Antony Jim Musoke Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts Pathogens <i>Theileria parva</i> ECF immunization sub-structuring Tp1 Tp2 Zambia |
| title | Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts |
| title_full | Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts |
| title_fullStr | Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts |
| title_short | Sequence Diversity of Tp1 and Tp2 Antigens and Population Genetic Analysis of <i>Theileria parva</i> in Unvaccinated Cattle in Zambia’s Chongwe and Chisamba Districts |
| title_sort | sequence diversity of tp1 and tp2 antigens and population genetic analysis of i theileria parva i in unvaccinated cattle in zambia s chongwe and chisamba districts |
| topic | <i>Theileria parva</i> ECF immunization sub-structuring Tp1 Tp2 Zambia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/114 |
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