Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones.
Oxygen minimum zones are major sites of fixed nitrogen loss in the ocean. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox, in pelagic nitrogen removal. Sources of ammonium for the anammox reaction, however, remain controversial, as heterotrophic denitrificatio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4507870?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818994688608174080 |
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| author | Tim Kalvelage Gaute Lavik Marlene M Jensen Niels Peter Revsbech Carolin Löscher Harald Schunck Dhwani K Desai Helena Hauss Rainer Kiko Moritz Holtappels Julie LaRoche Ruth A Schmitz Michelle I Graco Marcel M M Kuypers |
| author_facet | Tim Kalvelage Gaute Lavik Marlene M Jensen Niels Peter Revsbech Carolin Löscher Harald Schunck Dhwani K Desai Helena Hauss Rainer Kiko Moritz Holtappels Julie LaRoche Ruth A Schmitz Michelle I Graco Marcel M M Kuypers |
| author_sort | Tim Kalvelage |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxygen minimum zones are major sites of fixed nitrogen loss in the ocean. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox, in pelagic nitrogen removal. Sources of ammonium for the anammox reaction, however, remain controversial, as heterotrophic denitrification and alternative anaerobic pathways of organic matter remineralization cannot account for the ammonium requirements of reported anammox rates. Here, we explore the significance of microaerobic respiration as a source of ammonium during organic matter degradation in the oxygen-deficient waters off Namibia and Peru. Experiments with additions of double-labelled oxygen revealed high aerobic activity in the upper OMZs, likely controlled by surface organic matter export. Consistently observed oxygen consumption in samples retrieved throughout the lower OMZs hints at efficient exploitation of vertically and laterally advected, oxygenated waters in this zone by aerobic microorganisms. In accordance, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses identified genes encoding for aerobic terminal oxidases and demonstrated their expression by diverse microbial communities, even in virtually anoxic waters. Our results suggest that microaerobic respiration is a major mode of organic matter remineralization and source of ammonium (~45-100%) in the upper oxygen minimum zones, and reconcile hitherto observed mismatches between ammonium producing and consuming processes therein. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:01:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-14fbc9ba0fe14ea098b0ab50d98872c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:01:56Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-14fbc9ba0fe14ea098b0ab50d98872c52022-12-21T19:26:41ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01107e013352610.1371/journal.pone.0133526Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones.Tim KalvelageGaute LavikMarlene M JensenNiels Peter RevsbechCarolin LöscherHarald SchunckDhwani K DesaiHelena HaussRainer KikoMoritz HoltappelsJulie LaRocheRuth A SchmitzMichelle I GracoMarcel M M KuypersOxygen minimum zones are major sites of fixed nitrogen loss in the ocean. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, anammox, in pelagic nitrogen removal. Sources of ammonium for the anammox reaction, however, remain controversial, as heterotrophic denitrification and alternative anaerobic pathways of organic matter remineralization cannot account for the ammonium requirements of reported anammox rates. Here, we explore the significance of microaerobic respiration as a source of ammonium during organic matter degradation in the oxygen-deficient waters off Namibia and Peru. Experiments with additions of double-labelled oxygen revealed high aerobic activity in the upper OMZs, likely controlled by surface organic matter export. Consistently observed oxygen consumption in samples retrieved throughout the lower OMZs hints at efficient exploitation of vertically and laterally advected, oxygenated waters in this zone by aerobic microorganisms. In accordance, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses identified genes encoding for aerobic terminal oxidases and demonstrated their expression by diverse microbial communities, even in virtually anoxic waters. Our results suggest that microaerobic respiration is a major mode of organic matter remineralization and source of ammonium (~45-100%) in the upper oxygen minimum zones, and reconcile hitherto observed mismatches between ammonium producing and consuming processes therein.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4507870?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Tim Kalvelage Gaute Lavik Marlene M Jensen Niels Peter Revsbech Carolin Löscher Harald Schunck Dhwani K Desai Helena Hauss Rainer Kiko Moritz Holtappels Julie LaRoche Ruth A Schmitz Michelle I Graco Marcel M M Kuypers Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones. PLoS ONE |
| title | Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones. |
| title_full | Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones. |
| title_fullStr | Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones. |
| title_short | Aerobic Microbial Respiration In Oceanic Oxygen Minimum Zones. |
| title_sort | aerobic microbial respiration in oceanic oxygen minimum zones |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4507870?pdf=render |
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