Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia
IntroductionHerpesvirus infections have been highlighted as emerging diseases affecting wildlife health and the conservation of several taxa. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) and infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) are two viruses that infect wild ruminants. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on he...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1321172/full |
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| author | Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Javier Cabello Rodrigo Lopez Vicente Vergara-Wilson Frank Vera Carola Valencia Carlos Sanchez Sebastian Celis Alejandra Silva Aintzane Cariñanos Ismael Barria Rocio Vicencio Sebastián Muñoz-Leal Paula Aravena Rocio Lagos Juan Toro-Letelier Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes Antonio Garnham Irene Peña Irene Peña Fernando Sánchez Dario Moreira-Arce Dario Moreira-Arce Pablo M. Vergara Raul Alegria-Moran Galaxia Cortés-Hinojosa |
| author_facet | Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Javier Cabello Rodrigo Lopez Vicente Vergara-Wilson Frank Vera Carola Valencia Carlos Sanchez Sebastian Celis Alejandra Silva Aintzane Cariñanos Ismael Barria Rocio Vicencio Sebastián Muñoz-Leal Paula Aravena Rocio Lagos Juan Toro-Letelier Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes Antonio Garnham Irene Peña Irene Peña Fernando Sánchez Dario Moreira-Arce Dario Moreira-Arce Pablo M. Vergara Raul Alegria-Moran Galaxia Cortés-Hinojosa |
| author_sort | Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionHerpesvirus infections have been highlighted as emerging diseases affecting wildlife health and the conservation of several taxa. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) and infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) are two viruses that infect wild ruminants. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on herpesviruses in South American wild ruminants are limited. An outbreak of caprine gammaherpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) that recently was suspected as the cause of MCF in southern pudus (Pudu puda) prompted the need to conduct molecular screenings in Chilean cervids to understand the epidemiology of herpesviruses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of herpesviruses in free-ranging cervids from Chile.MethodsHerpesvirus infection was assessed in antemortem blood samples (n = 86) from pudus (n = 81) and huemuls (Hippocamelus bisulcus) (n = 5), as well as postmortem samples of spleen (n = 24) and lung (n = 3) from pudus, using a nested pan-herpesvirus PCR assay.ResultsCombining all suitable sample types, DNA of pudu gammaherpesvirus-1 was detected in five pudues and five huemuls, with an overall prevalence of 9.90% (n = 10/101; 95% CI = 5.11–17.87%). One pudu tested positive for ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (n = 1/96; 1.04%; 95% CI = 0.05–6.49%), and one pudu tested positive for a Macavirus sequence with 98.63 similarity to ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (n = 96; 1.04%; 95% CI = 0.05–6.49%).DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a herpesvirus in huemul and of ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 in Chile. Our results also confirm the active circulation of herpesvirus in free-ranging cervids in Chilean Patagonia, and as such, MCF should be considered as a possible cause of disease in free-ranging Chilean pudus and livestock species. Further research is necessary to develop a plan of systematic monitoring (serological and pathological screening) of herpesviruses in Chilean wild and domestic ruminants to understand their diversity and impact on animal health and conservation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:06:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-150809bb14ff4013aa4f6429bc884878 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:06:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-150809bb14ff4013aa4f6429bc8848782024-02-01T04:43:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-02-011010.3389/fvets.2023.13211721321172Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean PatagoniaEzequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso0Javier Cabello1Rodrigo Lopez2Vicente Vergara-Wilson3Frank Vera4Carola Valencia5Carlos Sanchez6Sebastian Celis7Alejandra Silva8Aintzane Cariñanos9Ismael Barria10Rocio Vicencio11Sebastián Muñoz-Leal12Paula Aravena13Rocio Lagos14Juan Toro-Letelier15Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes16Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes17Antonio Garnham18Irene Peña19Irene Peña20Fernando Sánchez21Dario Moreira-Arce22Dario Moreira-Arce23Pablo M. Vergara24Raul Alegria-Moran25Galaxia Cortés-Hinojosa26Fundacion Buin Zoo, Buin, ChileCentro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Chiloé-Silvestre, Ancud, ChileAumen ONG, Coyhaique, ChileDepartamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, ChileSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, ChileSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, ChileVeterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR, United StatesDepartamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoológico Buin Zoo, Buin, ChileDepartamento de Areas Silvestres Protegidas, Corporacion Nacional Forestal, Punta Arenas, ChileDepartamento de Areas Silvestres Protegidas, Corporacion Nacional Forestal, Punta Arenas, ChileDepartamento de Areas Silvestres Protegidas, Corporacion Nacional Forestal, Punta Arenas, ChileCentro de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Chiloé-Silvestre, Ancud, ChileDepartamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, ChileDepartamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, ChileLaboratorio Clínico, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile0Facultad de Cs Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Univeridad de Chile, Santiago, ChileFundacion Buin Zoo, Buin, ChileLaboratorio Clínico, Hospital Veterinario SOS Buin Zoo, Buin, Chile1Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile2Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile3Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile3Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile4Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile5Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile4Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile6Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Santiago, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile3Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileIntroductionHerpesvirus infections have been highlighted as emerging diseases affecting wildlife health and the conservation of several taxa. Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) and infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) are two viruses that infect wild ruminants. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on herpesviruses in South American wild ruminants are limited. An outbreak of caprine gammaherpesvirus-2 (CpHV-2) that recently was suspected as the cause of MCF in southern pudus (Pudu puda) prompted the need to conduct molecular screenings in Chilean cervids to understand the epidemiology of herpesviruses. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of herpesviruses in free-ranging cervids from Chile.MethodsHerpesvirus infection was assessed in antemortem blood samples (n = 86) from pudus (n = 81) and huemuls (Hippocamelus bisulcus) (n = 5), as well as postmortem samples of spleen (n = 24) and lung (n = 3) from pudus, using a nested pan-herpesvirus PCR assay.ResultsCombining all suitable sample types, DNA of pudu gammaherpesvirus-1 was detected in five pudues and five huemuls, with an overall prevalence of 9.90% (n = 10/101; 95% CI = 5.11–17.87%). One pudu tested positive for ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (n = 1/96; 1.04%; 95% CI = 0.05–6.49%), and one pudu tested positive for a Macavirus sequence with 98.63 similarity to ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (n = 96; 1.04%; 95% CI = 0.05–6.49%).DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a herpesvirus in huemul and of ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 in Chile. Our results also confirm the active circulation of herpesvirus in free-ranging cervids in Chilean Patagonia, and as such, MCF should be considered as a possible cause of disease in free-ranging Chilean pudus and livestock species. Further research is necessary to develop a plan of systematic monitoring (serological and pathological screening) of herpesviruses in Chilean wild and domestic ruminants to understand their diversity and impact on animal health and conservation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1321172/fullgammaherpesvirusmalignant catarrhal feverendangered speciespuduhuemul |
| spellingShingle | Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso Javier Cabello Rodrigo Lopez Vicente Vergara-Wilson Frank Vera Carola Valencia Carlos Sanchez Sebastian Celis Alejandra Silva Aintzane Cariñanos Ismael Barria Rocio Vicencio Sebastián Muñoz-Leal Paula Aravena Rocio Lagos Juan Toro-Letelier Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes Sebastián Verasay-Caviedes Antonio Garnham Irene Peña Irene Peña Fernando Sánchez Dario Moreira-Arce Dario Moreira-Arce Pablo M. Vergara Raul Alegria-Moran Galaxia Cortés-Hinojosa Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia Frontiers in Veterinary Science gammaherpesvirus malignant catarrhal fever endangered species pudu huemul |
| title | Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia |
| title_full | Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia |
| title_fullStr | Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia |
| title_short | Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free-ranging cervids of Chile: ovine gammaherpesvirus-2—A novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in Chilean Patagonia |
| title_sort | molecular and phylogenetic analysis of herpesviruses in endangered free ranging cervids of chile ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 a novel threat to wild and domestic animal health in chilean patagonia |
| topic | gammaherpesvirus malignant catarrhal fever endangered species pudu huemul |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1321172/full |
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