Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19
Background: The disease severity, ranging from being asymptomatic to having acute illness, and associated inflammatory responses has suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the development of chronic disorders due to COVID-19 infection. This study describes gut mi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1292 |
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| author | Mahejibin Khan Bijina J. Mathew Priyal Gupta Garima Garg Sagar Khadanga Ashish Kumar Vyas Anirudh K. Singh |
| author_facet | Mahejibin Khan Bijina J. Mathew Priyal Gupta Garima Garg Sagar Khadanga Ashish Kumar Vyas Anirudh K. Singh |
| author_sort | Mahejibin Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The disease severity, ranging from being asymptomatic to having acute illness, and associated inflammatory responses has suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the development of chronic disorders due to COVID-19 infection. This study describes gut microbiota dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients and its implications relating to the disease. Design: A cross sectional prospective study was performed on thirty RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India, between September 10 and 20, 2020. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. IFN, TNF, and IL-21 profiling was conducted using plasma samples, and gut bacterial analysis was performed after obtaining the metagenomics data of stool samples. Results: Patients with a variable COVID-19 severity showed distinct gut microflora and peripheral interleukin-21 levels. A low Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, caused by the depletion of the fibre-utilizing bacteria, <i>F. prausnitzii</i>, <i>B. Plebius</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i>, and an increase in Bacteroidetes has associated gut microbiota dysbiosis with COVID-19 disease severity. Conclusions: The loss of the functional attributes of signature commensals in the gut, due to dysbiosis, is a predisposing factor of COVID-19 pathophysiology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:27:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-152224c9f53441ab9a98dd00e22f3243 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:27:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-152224c9f53441ab9a98dd00e22f32432023-11-21T23:57:01ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-06-0196129210.3390/microorganisms9061292Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19Mahejibin Khan0Bijina J. Mathew1Priyal Gupta2Garima Garg3Sagar Khadanga4Ashish Kumar Vyas5Anirudh K. Singh6Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technology Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462024, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462024, IndiaDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462024, IndiaBackground: The disease severity, ranging from being asymptomatic to having acute illness, and associated inflammatory responses has suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the development of chronic disorders due to COVID-19 infection. This study describes gut microbiota dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients and its implications relating to the disease. Design: A cross sectional prospective study was performed on thirty RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India, between September 10 and 20, 2020. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. IFN, TNF, and IL-21 profiling was conducted using plasma samples, and gut bacterial analysis was performed after obtaining the metagenomics data of stool samples. Results: Patients with a variable COVID-19 severity showed distinct gut microflora and peripheral interleukin-21 levels. A low Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, caused by the depletion of the fibre-utilizing bacteria, <i>F. prausnitzii</i>, <i>B. Plebius</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i>, and an increase in Bacteroidetes has associated gut microbiota dysbiosis with COVID-19 disease severity. Conclusions: The loss of the functional attributes of signature commensals in the gut, due to dysbiosis, is a predisposing factor of COVID-19 pathophysiology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1292COVID-19mucosal immunitydietary fibregut microbiomebrain–gut interactionIL-21 |
| spellingShingle | Mahejibin Khan Bijina J. Mathew Priyal Gupta Garima Garg Sagar Khadanga Ashish Kumar Vyas Anirudh K. Singh Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Microorganisms COVID-19 mucosal immunity dietary fibre gut microbiome brain–gut interaction IL-21 |
| title | Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 |
| title_full | Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 |
| title_short | Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19 |
| title_sort | gut dysbiosis and il 21 response in patients with severe covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 mucosal immunity dietary fibre gut microbiome brain–gut interaction IL-21 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/6/1292 |
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