The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite
Bacteria can facilitate the increase of Mg2+ content in biotic aragonite, but the molecular mechanisms of the incorporation of Mg2+ ion into aragonite facilitated by bacteria are still unclear and the dolomitization of aragonite grains is rarely reported. In our laboratory experiments, the content o...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1078430/full |
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| author | Zuozhen Han Zuozhen Han Ruirui Meng Ruirui Meng Hui Zhao Hui Zhao Xiao Gao Xiao Gao Yanyang Zhao Yanyang Zhao Yu Han Fang Liu Fang Liu Maurice E. Tucker Maurice E. Tucker Jiarong Deng Jiarong Deng Huaxiao Yan Huaxiao Yan |
| author_facet | Zuozhen Han Zuozhen Han Ruirui Meng Ruirui Meng Hui Zhao Hui Zhao Xiao Gao Xiao Gao Yanyang Zhao Yanyang Zhao Yu Han Fang Liu Fang Liu Maurice E. Tucker Maurice E. Tucker Jiarong Deng Jiarong Deng Huaxiao Yan Huaxiao Yan |
| author_sort | Zuozhen Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteria can facilitate the increase of Mg2+ content in biotic aragonite, but the molecular mechanisms of the incorporation of Mg2+ ion into aragonite facilitated by bacteria are still unclear and the dolomitization of aragonite grains is rarely reported. In our laboratory experiments, the content of Mg2+ ions in biotic aragonite is higher than that in inorganically-precipitated aragonite and we hypothesize that the higher Mg content may enhance the subsequent dolomitization of aragonite. In this study, biotic aragonite was induced by Bacillus licheniformis Y1 at different Mg/Ca molar ratios. XRD data show that only aragonite was precipitated in the media with Mg/Ca molar ratios at 6, 9, and 12 after culturing for 25 days. The EDS and atomic absorption results show that the content of Mg2+ ions in biotic aragonite increased with rising Mg/Ca molar ratios. In addition, our analyses show that the EPS from the bacteria and the organics extracted from the interior of the biotic aragonite contain the same biomolecules, including Ala, Gly, Glu and hexadecanoic acid. The content of Mg2+ ions in the aragonite precipitates mediated by biomolecules is significantly higher than that in inorganically-precipitated aragonite. Additionally, compared with Ala and Gly, the increase of the Mg2+ ions content in aragonite promoted by Glu and hexadecanoic acid is more significant. The DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal that the energy needed for Mg2+ ion incorporation into aragonite mediated by Glu, hexadecanoic acid, Gly and Ala increased gradually, but was lower than that without acidic biomolecules. The experiments also show that the Mg2+ ion content in the aragonite significantly increased with the increasing concentration of biomolecules. In a medium with high Mg2+ concentration and with bacteria, after 2 months, micron-sized dolomite rhombs were precipitated on the surfaces of the aragonite particles. This study may provide new insights into the important role played by biomolecules in the incorporation of the Mg2+ ions into aragonite. Moreover, these experiments may contribute towards our understanding of the dolomitization of aragonite in the presence of bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:13:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:13:10Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1524d6586dad4c12833a3ea05aa0b0eb2023-01-26T08:46:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-01-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.10784301078430The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragoniteZuozhen Han0Zuozhen Han1Ruirui Meng2Ruirui Meng3Hui Zhao4Hui Zhao5Xiao Gao6Xiao Gao7Yanyang Zhao8Yanyang Zhao9Yu Han10Fang Liu11Fang Liu12Maurice E. Tucker13Maurice E. Tucker14Jiarong Deng15Jiarong Deng16Huaxiao Yan17Huaxiao Yan18Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, ChinaCollege of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United KingdomCabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United KingdomShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaLaboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, ChinaBacteria can facilitate the increase of Mg2+ content in biotic aragonite, but the molecular mechanisms of the incorporation of Mg2+ ion into aragonite facilitated by bacteria are still unclear and the dolomitization of aragonite grains is rarely reported. In our laboratory experiments, the content of Mg2+ ions in biotic aragonite is higher than that in inorganically-precipitated aragonite and we hypothesize that the higher Mg content may enhance the subsequent dolomitization of aragonite. In this study, biotic aragonite was induced by Bacillus licheniformis Y1 at different Mg/Ca molar ratios. XRD data show that only aragonite was precipitated in the media with Mg/Ca molar ratios at 6, 9, and 12 after culturing for 25 days. The EDS and atomic absorption results show that the content of Mg2+ ions in biotic aragonite increased with rising Mg/Ca molar ratios. In addition, our analyses show that the EPS from the bacteria and the organics extracted from the interior of the biotic aragonite contain the same biomolecules, including Ala, Gly, Glu and hexadecanoic acid. The content of Mg2+ ions in the aragonite precipitates mediated by biomolecules is significantly higher than that in inorganically-precipitated aragonite. Additionally, compared with Ala and Gly, the increase of the Mg2+ ions content in aragonite promoted by Glu and hexadecanoic acid is more significant. The DFT (density functional theory) calculations reveal that the energy needed for Mg2+ ion incorporation into aragonite mediated by Glu, hexadecanoic acid, Gly and Ala increased gradually, but was lower than that without acidic biomolecules. The experiments also show that the Mg2+ ion content in the aragonite significantly increased with the increasing concentration of biomolecules. In a medium with high Mg2+ concentration and with bacteria, after 2 months, micron-sized dolomite rhombs were precipitated on the surfaces of the aragonite particles. This study may provide new insights into the important role played by biomolecules in the incorporation of the Mg2+ ions into aragonite. Moreover, these experiments may contribute towards our understanding of the dolomitization of aragonite in the presence of bacteria.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1078430/fulldolomitizationmolecular mechanismMg2+ incorporationacidic biomoleculesbiotic aragonite |
| spellingShingle | Zuozhen Han Zuozhen Han Ruirui Meng Ruirui Meng Hui Zhao Hui Zhao Xiao Gao Xiao Gao Yanyang Zhao Yanyang Zhao Yu Han Fang Liu Fang Liu Maurice E. Tucker Maurice E. Tucker Jiarong Deng Jiarong Deng Huaxiao Yan Huaxiao Yan The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite Frontiers in Microbiology dolomitization molecular mechanism Mg2+ incorporation acidic biomolecules biotic aragonite |
| title | The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite |
| title_full | The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite |
| title_fullStr | The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite |
| title_full_unstemmed | The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite |
| title_short | The incorporation of Mg2+ ions into aragonite during biomineralization: Implications for the dolomitization of aragonite |
| title_sort | incorporation of mg2 ions into aragonite during biomineralization implications for the dolomitization of aragonite |
| topic | dolomitization molecular mechanism Mg2+ incorporation acidic biomolecules biotic aragonite |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1078430/full |
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