A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention
Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory responses caused by allergens, inflammatory mediators, and pathogens, eventually leading to disease. The immune archi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119564/full |
| _version_ | 1797854976360316928 |
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| author | Indiwari Gopallawa Ruchika Dehinwal Vaibhav Bhatia Vikramsingh Gujar Narendra Chirmule |
| author_facet | Indiwari Gopallawa Ruchika Dehinwal Vaibhav Bhatia Vikramsingh Gujar Narendra Chirmule |
| author_sort | Indiwari Gopallawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory responses caused by allergens, inflammatory mediators, and pathogens, eventually leading to disease. The immune architecture of the lung consists of an extensive network of innate immune cells, which induce adaptive immune responses based on the nature of the pathogen(s). The balance of immune responses is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung. Infection by pathogens and physical or genetic dysregulation of immune homeostasis result in inflammatory diseases. These responses culminate in the production of a plethora of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Shifting the balance of Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses have been the targets of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of these diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed the innate and adaptive i3mmune responses in the lung. Genetic and environmental factors, and infection are the major causes of dysregulation of various functions of the lung. We have elaborated on the impact of inflammatory and infectious diseases, advances in therapies, and drug delivery devices on this critical organ. Finally, we have provided a comprehensive compilation of different inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs and commented on the pros and cons of different inhalation devices for the management of lung diseases. The review is intended to provide a summary of the immunology of the lung, with an emphasis on drug and device development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:16:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-152630092b4946f39c15b2a949716aa2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:16:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-152630092b4946f39c15b2a949716aa22023-03-31T08:12:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-03-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.11195641119564A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and interventionIndiwari Gopallawa0Ruchika Dehinwal1Vaibhav Bhatia2Vikramsingh Gujar3Narendra Chirmule4Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United StatesDepartment of Microbiology, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, United StatesR&D Department, Lamark Biotech, Vellore, IndiaDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United StatesR&D Department, SymphonyTech Biologics, Philadelphia, PA, United StatesLungs are important respiratory organs primarily involved in gas exchange. Lungs interact directly with the environment and their primary function is affected by several inflammatory responses caused by allergens, inflammatory mediators, and pathogens, eventually leading to disease. The immune architecture of the lung consists of an extensive network of innate immune cells, which induce adaptive immune responses based on the nature of the pathogen(s). The balance of immune responses is critical for maintaining immune homeostasis in the lung. Infection by pathogens and physical or genetic dysregulation of immune homeostasis result in inflammatory diseases. These responses culminate in the production of a plethora of cytokines such as TSLP, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Shifting the balance of Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 responses have been the targets of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of these diseases. Here, we have briefly reviewed the innate and adaptive i3mmune responses in the lung. Genetic and environmental factors, and infection are the major causes of dysregulation of various functions of the lung. We have elaborated on the impact of inflammatory and infectious diseases, advances in therapies, and drug delivery devices on this critical organ. Finally, we have provided a comprehensive compilation of different inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs and commented on the pros and cons of different inhalation devices for the management of lung diseases. The review is intended to provide a summary of the immunology of the lung, with an emphasis on drug and device development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119564/fulllungimmunityinflammationinvasionintervention |
| spellingShingle | Indiwari Gopallawa Ruchika Dehinwal Vaibhav Bhatia Vikramsingh Gujar Narendra Chirmule A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention Frontiers in Immunology lung immunity inflammation invasion intervention |
| title | A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention |
| title_full | A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention |
| title_fullStr | A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention |
| title_full_unstemmed | A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention |
| title_short | A four-part guide to lung immunology: Invasion, inflammation, immunity, and intervention |
| title_sort | four part guide to lung immunology invasion inflammation immunity and intervention |
| topic | lung immunity inflammation invasion intervention |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119564/full |
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