The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function
Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and govern various membrane functions. Lipid organization within membrane plane dictates recruitment of specific proteins and lipids into distinct nanoclusters that initiate cellular signaling while modulating protein and lipid functions. In addition...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.640355/full |
| _version_ | 1818729025097433088 |
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| author | Aswin T. Srivatsav Shobhna Kapoor Shobhna Kapoor |
| author_facet | Aswin T. Srivatsav Shobhna Kapoor Shobhna Kapoor |
| author_sort | Aswin T. Srivatsav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipids are essential components of cell membranes and govern various membrane functions. Lipid organization within membrane plane dictates recruitment of specific proteins and lipids into distinct nanoclusters that initiate cellular signaling while modulating protein and lipid functions. In addition, one of the most versatile function of lipids is the formation of diverse lipid membrane vesicles for regulating various cellular processes including intracellular trafficking of molecular cargo. In this review, we focus on the various kinds of membrane vesicles in eukaryotes and bacteria, their biogenesis, and their multifaceted functional roles in cellular communication, host-pathogen interactions and biotechnological applications. We elaborate on how their distinct lipid composition of membrane vesicles compared to parent cells enables early and non-invasive diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis, while inspiring vaccine development and drug delivery platforms. Finally, we discuss the use of membrane vesicles as excellent tools for investigating membrane lateral organization and protein sorting, which is otherwise challenging but extremely crucial for normal cellular functioning. We present current limitations in this field and how the same could be addressed to propel a fundamental and technology-oriented future for extracellular membrane vesicles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:39:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-153287fde06044a080f9dac108ed0977 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-889X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:39:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-153287fde06044a080f9dac108ed09772022-12-21T21:30:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2021-04-01810.3389/fmolb.2021.640355640355The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane FunctionAswin T. Srivatsav0Shobhna Kapoor1Shobhna Kapoor2Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, IndiaWadhwani Research Center of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, IndiaLipids are essential components of cell membranes and govern various membrane functions. Lipid organization within membrane plane dictates recruitment of specific proteins and lipids into distinct nanoclusters that initiate cellular signaling while modulating protein and lipid functions. In addition, one of the most versatile function of lipids is the formation of diverse lipid membrane vesicles for regulating various cellular processes including intracellular trafficking of molecular cargo. In this review, we focus on the various kinds of membrane vesicles in eukaryotes and bacteria, their biogenesis, and their multifaceted functional roles in cellular communication, host-pathogen interactions and biotechnological applications. We elaborate on how their distinct lipid composition of membrane vesicles compared to parent cells enables early and non-invasive diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis, while inspiring vaccine development and drug delivery platforms. Finally, we discuss the use of membrane vesicles as excellent tools for investigating membrane lateral organization and protein sorting, which is otherwise challenging but extremely crucial for normal cellular functioning. We present current limitations in this field and how the same could be addressed to propel a fundamental and technology-oriented future for extracellular membrane vesicles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.640355/fulllipidsmembrane vesiclesexosomesmembrane organizationhost-pathogen interactionslipid biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Aswin T. Srivatsav Shobhna Kapoor Shobhna Kapoor The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences lipids membrane vesicles exosomes membrane organization host-pathogen interactions lipid biomarkers |
| title | The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function |
| title_full | The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function |
| title_fullStr | The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function |
| title_short | The Emerging World of Membrane Vesicles: Functional Relevance, Theranostic Avenues and Tools for Investigating Membrane Function |
| title_sort | emerging world of membrane vesicles functional relevance theranostic avenues and tools for investigating membrane function |
| topic | lipids membrane vesicles exosomes membrane organization host-pathogen interactions lipid biomarkers |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.640355/full |
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