Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China
Based on high-resolution pressure data collected by a microbarograph and Fourier transform (FFT) data processing, a detailed analysis of the frequency spectra characteristics of gravity waves during a hailstone event in the cold vortex of Northeast China (NECV) on 9 September 2021 is presented. The...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/412 |
| _version_ | 1797622393573736448 |
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| author | Xiujuan Wang Lingkun Ran Yanbin Qi Zhongbao Jiang Tian Yun Baofeng Jiao |
| author_facet | Xiujuan Wang Lingkun Ran Yanbin Qi Zhongbao Jiang Tian Yun Baofeng Jiao |
| author_sort | Xiujuan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on high-resolution pressure data collected by a microbarograph and Fourier transform (FFT) data processing, a detailed analysis of the frequency spectra characteristics of gravity waves during a hailstone event in the cold vortex of Northeast China (NECV) on 9 September 2021 is presented. The results show that the deep NECV served as the large-scale circulation background for the hailstone event. The development of hailstones was closely related to gravity waves. In different hail stages, the frequency spectra characteristics of gravity waves were obviously different. One and a half hours before hailfall, there were gravity wave precursors with periods of 50–180 min and corresponding amplitudes ranging from 30 to 60 Pa. During hailfall, the center amplitudes of the gravity waves were approximately 50 Pa and 60 Pa, with the corresponding period ranges expanding to 60–70 min and 160–240 min. Simultaneously, hailstones initiated shorter periods (26–34 min) of gravity waves, with the amplitudes increasing to approximately 12–18 Pa. The relationship between hailstones and gravity waves was positive. After hailfall, gravity waves weakened and dissipated rapidly. As shown by the reconstructed gravity waves, key periods of gravity wave precursors ranged from 50–180 min, which preceded hailstones by several hours. When convection developed, there was thunderstorm high pressure and an outflow boundary. The airflow converged and diverged downstream, resulting in the formation of gravity waves and finally triggering hailfall. Gravity wave predecessors are significant for hail warnings and artificial hail suppression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1536fae5cfa44a60b54b8231ecb69c55 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-1536fae5cfa44a60b54b8231ecb69c552023-11-16T19:04:30ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-02-0114241210.3390/atmos14020412Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast ChinaXiujuan Wang0Lingkun Ran1Yanbin Qi2Zhongbao Jiang3Tian Yun4Baofeng Jiao5Jilin Province Technology Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Changchun 130062, ChinaLACS, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaJilin Province Technology Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Changchun 130062, ChinaClimate Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, ChinaMeteorological Observatory of Jilin Province Meteorological Bureau, Changchun 130062, ChinaLACS, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaBased on high-resolution pressure data collected by a microbarograph and Fourier transform (FFT) data processing, a detailed analysis of the frequency spectra characteristics of gravity waves during a hailstone event in the cold vortex of Northeast China (NECV) on 9 September 2021 is presented. The results show that the deep NECV served as the large-scale circulation background for the hailstone event. The development of hailstones was closely related to gravity waves. In different hail stages, the frequency spectra characteristics of gravity waves were obviously different. One and a half hours before hailfall, there were gravity wave precursors with periods of 50–180 min and corresponding amplitudes ranging from 30 to 60 Pa. During hailfall, the center amplitudes of the gravity waves were approximately 50 Pa and 60 Pa, with the corresponding period ranges expanding to 60–70 min and 160–240 min. Simultaneously, hailstones initiated shorter periods (26–34 min) of gravity waves, with the amplitudes increasing to approximately 12–18 Pa. The relationship between hailstones and gravity waves was positive. After hailfall, gravity waves weakened and dissipated rapidly. As shown by the reconstructed gravity waves, key periods of gravity wave precursors ranged from 50–180 min, which preceded hailstones by several hours. When convection developed, there was thunderstorm high pressure and an outflow boundary. The airflow converged and diverged downstream, resulting in the formation of gravity waves and finally triggering hailfall. Gravity wave predecessors are significant for hail warnings and artificial hail suppression.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/412gravity wavesmicrobarographthe cold vortex of Northeast Chinahailstone |
| spellingShingle | Xiujuan Wang Lingkun Ran Yanbin Qi Zhongbao Jiang Tian Yun Baofeng Jiao Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China Atmosphere gravity waves microbarograph the cold vortex of Northeast China hailstone |
| title | Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China |
| title_full | Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China |
| title_short | Analysis of Gravity Wave Characteristics during a Hailstone Event in the Cold Vortex of Northeast China |
| title_sort | analysis of gravity wave characteristics during a hailstone event in the cold vortex of northeast china |
| topic | gravity waves microbarograph the cold vortex of Northeast China hailstone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/412 |
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