Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research
Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/657 |
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| author | Jee-hyun Hwang Haengdueng Jeong Nahyun Lee Sumin Hur Nakyum Lee Jeong Jun Han Hye Won Jang Wang Keun Choi Ki Taek Nam Kyung-Min Lim |
| author_facet | Jee-hyun Hwang Haengdueng Jeong Nahyun Lee Sumin Hur Nakyum Lee Jeong Jun Han Hye Won Jang Wang Keun Choi Ki Taek Nam Kyung-Min Lim |
| author_sort | Jee-hyun Hwang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1–10%), salicylic acid (0.2–2%), and lactobionic acid (1.2–12%) were used as representative substances for α-hydroxyacid (AHA), β-hydroxyacid (BHA), and polyhydroxyacid (PHA), respectively. When hydroxyacids were applied at high concentrations on the porcine skin every other day for 6 days, tissue viability was reduced to 50–80%, suggesting that the toxicity of cosmetic ingredients can be evaluated with this model. Based on tissue viability, the treatment scheme was changed to a single exposure for 20 min. The protective effects of a single exposure of hydroxyacids on skin barrier function were evaluated by examining rhodamine permeability and epidermal structural components of barrier function using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Lactobionic acid (PHAs) improved skin barrier function most compared to other AHAs and BHAs. Most importantly, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an important functional marker of skin barrier function, could be measured with this model, which confirmed the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs. Collectively, we demonstrated that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model can be an excellent alternative to animal experiments for skin studies on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:13:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1538f0814e1e40408102e032eef245ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:13:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-1538f0814e1e40408102e032eef245ac2023-12-03T12:47:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122265710.3390/ijms22020657Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier ResearchJee-hyun Hwang0Haengdueng Jeong1Nahyun Lee2Sumin Hur3Nakyum Lee4Jeong Jun Han5Hye Won Jang6Wang Keun Choi7Ki Taek Nam8Kyung-Min Lim9College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03760, KoreaSeverance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03760, KoreaSeverance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, KoreaSeverance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, KoreaGF Fermentech Inc., Sejong-Si 30077, KoreaLCS Biotech, Suwon-Si 16614, KoreaLCS Biotech, Suwon-Si 16614, KoreaSeverance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03722, KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemungu, Seoul 03760, KoreaSince the European Union (EU) announced their animal testing ban in 2013, all animal experiments related to cosmetics have been prohibited, creating a demand for alternatives to animal experiments for skin studies. Here, we investigated whether an ex vivo live porcine skin model can be employed to study the safety and skin barrier-improving effects of hydroxyacids widely used in cosmetics for keratolytic peels. Glycolic acid (1–10%), salicylic acid (0.2–2%), and lactobionic acid (1.2–12%) were used as representative substances for α-hydroxyacid (AHA), β-hydroxyacid (BHA), and polyhydroxyacid (PHA), respectively. When hydroxyacids were applied at high concentrations on the porcine skin every other day for 6 days, tissue viability was reduced to 50–80%, suggesting that the toxicity of cosmetic ingredients can be evaluated with this model. Based on tissue viability, the treatment scheme was changed to a single exposure for 20 min. The protective effects of a single exposure of hydroxyacids on skin barrier function were evaluated by examining rhodamine permeability and epidermal structural components of barrier function using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Lactobionic acid (PHAs) improved skin barrier function most compared to other AHAs and BHAs. Most importantly, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an important functional marker of skin barrier function, could be measured with this model, which confirmed the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs. Collectively, we demonstrated that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model can be an excellent alternative to animal experiments for skin studies on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/657ex vivo skin modelhydroxyacidsskin barrierskin permeabilitystratum corneum |
| spellingShingle | Jee-hyun Hwang Haengdueng Jeong Nahyun Lee Sumin Hur Nakyum Lee Jeong Jun Han Hye Won Jang Wang Keun Choi Ki Taek Nam Kyung-Min Lim Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research International Journal of Molecular Sciences ex vivo skin model hydroxyacids skin barrier skin permeability stratum corneum |
| title | Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research |
| title_full | Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research |
| title_fullStr | Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research |
| title_short | Ex Vivo Live Full-Thickness Porcine Skin Model as a Versatile In Vitro Testing Method for Skin Barrier Research |
| title_sort | ex vivo live full thickness porcine skin model as a versatile in vitro testing method for skin barrier research |
| topic | ex vivo skin model hydroxyacids skin barrier skin permeability stratum corneum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/657 |
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