Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of far-infrared radiation (FIR) power level and the thickness of tamarind foam-mats (TFMs) on changes in moisture content during the drying process. This process involved the use of far-infrared radiation, combined with a belt conveyor system (FIR+BCS), to dry...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Khon Kaen University
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Engineering and Applied Science Research |
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| Online Access: | https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/253923/171444 |
| _version_ | 1797633260266717184 |
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| author | Poomjai Sa-adchom |
| author_facet | Poomjai Sa-adchom |
| author_sort | Poomjai Sa-adchom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study aimed to evaluate the effects of far-infrared radiation (FIR) power level and the thickness of tamarind foam-mats (TFMs) on changes in moisture content during the drying process. This process involved the use of far-infrared radiation, combined with a belt conveyor system (FIR+BCS), to dry the TFMs. Specific energy consumption (SEC) and quality attributes of tamarind powder, such as color and dissolution time, were examined. The study also investigated a mathematical model to describe the suitable drying characteristics of TFMs. In the experiment, cylindrical TFMs with a diameter of 5 cm and thicknesses of 3 and 6 mm were dried using FIR+BCS at FIR power levels of 400, 500, and 600 W until the moisture content of the TFMs was reduced to less than 13% w.b. Based on the experimental results, it was found that higher FIR power levels led to more rapid decreases in moisture content in TFMs, lower SEC, and quicker dissolution of tamarind powder in water, compared to lower FIR power levels. The 3 mm thick TFMs exhibited faster moisture content reduction, lower SEC, and more rapid dissolution of tamarind powder in water than the 6 mm thick ones. In addition, tamarind powder produced from 6 mm thick TFMs had higher lightness (L* value) and yellowness (b* value), but lower redness (a* value) than those of 3 mm thick TFMs. However, tamarind powder produced from TFMs with FIR power levels of 400, 500, and 600 W were not significantly different in color values (L*, a*, and b* values). Among the seven mathematical models, the Midilli et al. model satisfactorily described the drying kinetics of TFMs, with an R2 value of 0.993269, an RMSE of 0.005117, and a χ2 value of 0.000321. The effective moisture diffusivity values of TFMs ranged from 9.41×10-10 to 2.33×10-9 m2/s. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:51:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-153988d81cb54aecaacaa9c655e9a6e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2539-6161 2539-6218 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:51:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Khon Kaen University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering and Applied Science Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-153988d81cb54aecaacaa9c655e9a6e82023-11-09T03:34:41ZengKhon Kaen UniversityEngineering and Applied Science Research2539-61612539-62182023-11-01506584596Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modelingPoomjai Sa-adchomThe study aimed to evaluate the effects of far-infrared radiation (FIR) power level and the thickness of tamarind foam-mats (TFMs) on changes in moisture content during the drying process. This process involved the use of far-infrared radiation, combined with a belt conveyor system (FIR+BCS), to dry the TFMs. Specific energy consumption (SEC) and quality attributes of tamarind powder, such as color and dissolution time, were examined. The study also investigated a mathematical model to describe the suitable drying characteristics of TFMs. In the experiment, cylindrical TFMs with a diameter of 5 cm and thicknesses of 3 and 6 mm were dried using FIR+BCS at FIR power levels of 400, 500, and 600 W until the moisture content of the TFMs was reduced to less than 13% w.b. Based on the experimental results, it was found that higher FIR power levels led to more rapid decreases in moisture content in TFMs, lower SEC, and quicker dissolution of tamarind powder in water, compared to lower FIR power levels. The 3 mm thick TFMs exhibited faster moisture content reduction, lower SEC, and more rapid dissolution of tamarind powder in water than the 6 mm thick ones. In addition, tamarind powder produced from 6 mm thick TFMs had higher lightness (L* value) and yellowness (b* value), but lower redness (a* value) than those of 3 mm thick TFMs. However, tamarind powder produced from TFMs with FIR power levels of 400, 500, and 600 W were not significantly different in color values (L*, a*, and b* values). Among the seven mathematical models, the Midilli et al. model satisfactorily described the drying kinetics of TFMs, with an R2 value of 0.993269, an RMSE of 0.005117, and a χ2 value of 0.000321. The effective moisture diffusivity values of TFMs ranged from 9.41×10-10 to 2.33×10-9 m2/s.https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/253923/171444belt conveyor systemdrying kineticsfar-infrared radiationmathematical modelingquality attributestamarind foam-mats |
| spellingShingle | Poomjai Sa-adchom Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling Engineering and Applied Science Research belt conveyor system drying kinetics far-infrared radiation mathematical modeling quality attributes tamarind foam-mats |
| title | Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling |
| title_full | Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling |
| title_fullStr | Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling |
| title_short | Drying of tamarind foam-mats using far-infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system: Drying kinetics, quality attributes, and mathematical modeling |
| title_sort | drying of tamarind foam mats using far infrared radiation combined with a belt conveyor system drying kinetics quality attributes and mathematical modeling |
| topic | belt conveyor system drying kinetics far-infrared radiation mathematical modeling quality attributes tamarind foam-mats |
| url | https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/easr/article/view/253923/171444 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT poomjaisaadchom dryingoftamarindfoammatsusingfarinfraredradiationcombinedwithabeltconveyorsystemdryingkineticsqualityattributesandmathematicalmodeling |