Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species
Species of <i>Phalaris</i> have historically been controlled by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides; however, overreliance on herbicides with this mechanism of action has resulted in the selection of resistant biotypes. The resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbici...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| author | José G. Vázquez-García Joel Torra Candelario Palma-Bautista Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz Rafael De Prado |
| author_facet | José G. Vázquez-García Joel Torra Candelario Palma-Bautista Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz Rafael De Prado |
| author_sort | José G. Vázquez-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Species of <i>Phalaris</i> have historically been controlled by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides; however, overreliance on herbicides with this mechanism of action has resulted in the selection of resistant biotypes. The resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was characterized in <i>Phalaris brachystachys</i>, <i>Phalaris minor,</i> and <i>Phalaris paradoxa</i> samples collected from winter wheat fields in northern Iran. Three resistant (R) biotypes, one of each <i>Phalaris</i> species, presented high cross-resistance levels to diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and pinoxaden, which belong to the chemical families of aryloxyphenoxypropionates (FOPs), cyclohexanediones (DIMs), and phenylpyrazolines (DENs), respectively. The metabolism of <sup>14</sup>C-diclofop-methyl contributed to the resistance of the <i>P. brachystachys</i> R biotype, while no evidence of herbicide metabolism was found in <i>P. minor</i> or <i>P. paradoxa</i>. ACCase in vitro assays showed that the target sites were very sensitive to FOP, DIM, and DEN herbicides in the S biotypes of the three species, while the R <i>Phalaris</i> spp. biotypes presented different levels of resistance to these herbicides. ACCase gene sequencing confirmed that cross-resistance in <i>Phalaris</i> species was conferred by specific point mutations. Resistance in the <i>P. brachystachys</i> R biotype was due to target site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms, while in <i>P. minor</i> and <i>P. paradoxa</i>, only an altered target site was found. |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-1539a8bca2d04678b4942ed4929464c62023-11-22T09:20:24ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-08-01108170310.3390/plants10081703Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> SpeciesJosé G. Vázquez-García0Joel Torra1Candelario Palma-Bautista2Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz3Rafael De Prado4Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, SpainDepartment d’Hortofruticultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, SpainDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, SpainCentro de Ciências da Natureza, Campus Lagoa do Sino, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Buri 18290-000, BrazilDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, SpainSpecies of <i>Phalaris</i> have historically been controlled by acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides; however, overreliance on herbicides with this mechanism of action has resulted in the selection of resistant biotypes. The resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was characterized in <i>Phalaris brachystachys</i>, <i>Phalaris minor,</i> and <i>Phalaris paradoxa</i> samples collected from winter wheat fields in northern Iran. Three resistant (R) biotypes, one of each <i>Phalaris</i> species, presented high cross-resistance levels to diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and pinoxaden, which belong to the chemical families of aryloxyphenoxypropionates (FOPs), cyclohexanediones (DIMs), and phenylpyrazolines (DENs), respectively. The metabolism of <sup>14</sup>C-diclofop-methyl contributed to the resistance of the <i>P. brachystachys</i> R biotype, while no evidence of herbicide metabolism was found in <i>P. minor</i> or <i>P. paradoxa</i>. ACCase in vitro assays showed that the target sites were very sensitive to FOP, DIM, and DEN herbicides in the S biotypes of the three species, while the R <i>Phalaris</i> spp. biotypes presented different levels of resistance to these herbicides. ACCase gene sequencing confirmed that cross-resistance in <i>Phalaris</i> species was conferred by specific point mutations. Resistance in the <i>P. brachystachys</i> R biotype was due to target site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms, while in <i>P. minor</i> and <i>P. paradoxa</i>, only an altered target site was found.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1703herbicide resistanceresistance mechanismsNTSR mechanismsTSR mechanismsmetabolism |
| spellingShingle | José G. Vázquez-García Joel Torra Candelario Palma-Bautista Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz Rafael De Prado Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species Plants herbicide resistance resistance mechanisms NTSR mechanisms TSR mechanisms metabolism |
| title | Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species |
| title_full | Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species |
| title_short | Point Mutations and Cytochrome P450 Can Contribute to Resistance to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Three <i>Phalaris</i> Species |
| title_sort | point mutations and cytochrome p450 can contribute to resistance to accase inhibiting herbicides in three i phalaris i species |
| topic | herbicide resistance resistance mechanisms NTSR mechanisms TSR mechanisms metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/8/1703 |
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