Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace
The extraction of molecules with high added value plays an important role in the recovery of food waste. This work aimed to valorize tomato pomace, a by-product composed of skin and seeds, through extraction of carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene. The tomato pomace was dried using three...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/3/405 |
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| author | Celeste Lazzarini Enrico Casadei Enrico Valli Matilde Tura Luigi Ragni Alessandra Bendini Tullia Gallina Toschi |
| author_facet | Celeste Lazzarini Enrico Casadei Enrico Valli Matilde Tura Luigi Ragni Alessandra Bendini Tullia Gallina Toschi |
| author_sort | Celeste Lazzarini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The extraction of molecules with high added value plays an important role in the recovery of food waste. This work aimed to valorize tomato pomace, a by-product composed of skin and seeds, through extraction of carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene. The tomato pomace was dried using three different methods (freeze-drying, heat drying, and non-thermal air-drying) to reduce its weight, volume, and water activity and to concentrate the carotenoid fraction. These drying approaches were compared considering the extractive potential. Three solvent mixtures were compared, a traditional one (<i>n</i>-hexane:acetone) and two green deep eutectic solvent mixtures (ethyl acetate:ethyl lactate and menthol:lactic acid) in combination with different drying procedures. The extract obtained using ethyl acetate:ethyl lactate with non-thermal air-drying showed the highest contents of lycopene and β-carotene (75.86 and 3950.08 µg/g of dried sample, respectively) compared with the other procedures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:52:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1541420a77354a2b907d7ffa6a8ac986 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:52:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-1541420a77354a2b907d7ffa6a8ac9862023-11-23T16:30:24ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-01-0111340510.3390/foods11030405Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato PomaceCeleste Lazzarini0Enrico Casadei1Enrico Valli2Matilde Tura3Luigi Ragni4Alessandra Bendini5Tullia Gallina Toschi6Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, ItalyInterdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research (CIRI Agroalimentare), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy The extraction of molecules with high added value plays an important role in the recovery of food waste. This work aimed to valorize tomato pomace, a by-product composed of skin and seeds, through extraction of carotenoids, especially lycopene and β-carotene. The tomato pomace was dried using three different methods (freeze-drying, heat drying, and non-thermal air-drying) to reduce its weight, volume, and water activity and to concentrate the carotenoid fraction. These drying approaches were compared considering the extractive potential. Three solvent mixtures were compared, a traditional one (<i>n</i>-hexane:acetone) and two green deep eutectic solvent mixtures (ethyl acetate:ethyl lactate and menthol:lactic acid) in combination with different drying procedures. The extract obtained using ethyl acetate:ethyl lactate with non-thermal air-drying showed the highest contents of lycopene and β-carotene (75.86 and 3950.08 µg/g of dried sample, respectively) compared with the other procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/3/405tomato pomacelycopeneβ-caroteneextractionsustainabilityfood by-products |
| spellingShingle | Celeste Lazzarini Enrico Casadei Enrico Valli Matilde Tura Luigi Ragni Alessandra Bendini Tullia Gallina Toschi Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace Foods tomato pomace lycopene β-carotene extraction sustainability food by-products |
| title | Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace |
| title_full | Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace |
| title_short | Sustainable Drying and Green Deep Eutectic Extraction of Carotenoids from Tomato Pomace |
| title_sort | sustainable drying and green deep eutectic extraction of carotenoids from tomato pomace |
| topic | tomato pomace lycopene β-carotene extraction sustainability food by-products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/3/405 |
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