A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission
The Helankou rock as the relics carrier in Ningxia, China, have been suffering from serious weathering caused by variable environmental conditions. To study the freeze-thaw damage characteristics of Helankou relics carrier rocks, three dry-wet conditions (i.e., drying, pH = 2 and pH = 7) together wi...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/4001 |
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| author | Youzhen Yang Qingqing Lin Hailong Ma Jahanzaib Israr Wei Liu Yishen Zhao Wenguo Ma Gang Zhang Hongbo Li |
| author_facet | Youzhen Yang Qingqing Lin Hailong Ma Jahanzaib Israr Wei Liu Yishen Zhao Wenguo Ma Gang Zhang Hongbo Li |
| author_sort | Youzhen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Helankou rock as the relics carrier in Ningxia, China, have been suffering from serious weathering caused by variable environmental conditions. To study the freeze-thaw damage characteristics of Helankou relics carrier rocks, three dry-wet conditions (i.e., drying, pH = 2 and pH = 7) together with freeze-thaw experiments have been carried out at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 cycles. Additionally, a series of triaxial compression tests have been carried out at four different cell pressures of 4 MPa, 8 MPa, 16 MPa, and 32 MPa in tandem with a non-destructive acoustic emission technique. Subsequently, the rock damage variables were identified based on elastic modulus and acoustic emission ringing counts. It has been revealed that the acoustic emission positioning points reflected that the cracks would be concentrated near the surface of main fracture at higher cell pressures. Notably, the rock samples at 0 freeze-thaw cycles failed in pure shear. However, both shear slip and extension along the tensile cracks were observed at 20 freeze-thaw cycles, while tensile-oblique shear failure occurred at 40 freeze-thaw cycles. Not surprisingly, the decreasing order of deterioration inside the rock was observed to be (drying group) > (pH = 7 group) > (pH = 2 group). The peak values of damage variables in these three groups were also found to be consistent with the deterioration trend observed under freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, the semi-empirical damage model could rigorously ascertain stress and deformation behavior of rock samples, thus providing theoretical basis to establish a protection framework for Helankou relics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-15431d56130c4ff2a6d48735d5930a57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-15431d56130c4ff2a6d48735d5930a572023-11-18T08:08:56ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-05-011611400110.3390/ma16114001A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic EmissionYouzhen Yang0Qingqing Lin1Hailong Ma2Jahanzaib Israr3Wei Liu4Yishen Zhao5Wenguo Ma6Gang Zhang7Hongbo Li8School of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaInstitute of Ethnic Preparatory Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic-Electrical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaCollege of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, ChinaThe Helankou rock as the relics carrier in Ningxia, China, have been suffering from serious weathering caused by variable environmental conditions. To study the freeze-thaw damage characteristics of Helankou relics carrier rocks, three dry-wet conditions (i.e., drying, pH = 2 and pH = 7) together with freeze-thaw experiments have been carried out at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 cycles. Additionally, a series of triaxial compression tests have been carried out at four different cell pressures of 4 MPa, 8 MPa, 16 MPa, and 32 MPa in tandem with a non-destructive acoustic emission technique. Subsequently, the rock damage variables were identified based on elastic modulus and acoustic emission ringing counts. It has been revealed that the acoustic emission positioning points reflected that the cracks would be concentrated near the surface of main fracture at higher cell pressures. Notably, the rock samples at 0 freeze-thaw cycles failed in pure shear. However, both shear slip and extension along the tensile cracks were observed at 20 freeze-thaw cycles, while tensile-oblique shear failure occurred at 40 freeze-thaw cycles. Not surprisingly, the decreasing order of deterioration inside the rock was observed to be (drying group) > (pH = 7 group) > (pH = 2 group). The peak values of damage variables in these three groups were also found to be consistent with the deterioration trend observed under freeze-thaw cycles. Finally, the semi-empirical damage model could rigorously ascertain stress and deformation behavior of rock samples, thus providing theoretical basis to establish a protection framework for Helankou relics.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/4001weatheringdry-wetfreeze-thawacoustic emissiondamage modelHelankou rock |
| spellingShingle | Youzhen Yang Qingqing Lin Hailong Ma Jahanzaib Israr Wei Liu Yishen Zhao Wenguo Ma Gang Zhang Hongbo Li A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission Materials weathering dry-wet freeze-thaw acoustic emission damage model Helankou rock |
| title | A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission |
| title_full | A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission |
| title_fullStr | A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission |
| title_short | A Semi-Empirical Damage Model of Helankou Rocks Based on Acoustic Emission |
| title_sort | semi empirical damage model of helankou rocks based on acoustic emission |
| topic | weathering dry-wet freeze-thaw acoustic emission damage model Helankou rock |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/4001 |
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