Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem
Eye movements are generated by different premotor pathways. Damage to them can cause specific deficits of eye movements, such as saccades. For correlative clinico-anatomical post-mortem studies of cases with eye movement disorders it is essential to identify the functional cell groups of the oculomo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00153/full |
| _version_ | 1818172335502393344 |
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| author | Christopher eAdamczyk Michael eStrupp Michael eStrupp Klaus eJahn Klaus eJahn Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn |
| author_facet | Christopher eAdamczyk Michael eStrupp Michael eStrupp Klaus eJahn Klaus eJahn Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn |
| author_sort | Christopher eAdamczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eye movements are generated by different premotor pathways. Damage to them can cause specific deficits of eye movements, such as saccades. For correlative clinico-anatomical post-mortem studies of cases with eye movement disorders it is essential to identify the functional cell groups of the oculomotor system in the human brain by marker proteins. Based on monkey studies, the premotor neurons of the saccadic system can be identified by the histochemical markers parvalbumin and perineuronal nets in humans. These areas involve the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle (RIMLF), which both contain premotor neurons for upgaze and downgaze. Recent monkey and human studies revealed a selective excitatory calretinin-positive input to the motoneurons mediating upgaze, but not to those for downgaze. Three premotor regions were identified as sources of calretinin input in monkey: y-group, INC and RIMLF. These findings suggest that the expression pattern of parvalbumin and calretinin may help to identify premotor neurons involved in up- or downgaze. In a post-mortem study of five human cases without neurological diseases we investigated the y-group, INC and RIMLF for the presence of parvalbumin and calretinin positive neurons including their co-expression. Adjacent thin paraffin sections were stained for the aggrecan component of perineuronal nets, parvalbumin or calretinin and glutamate decarboxylase. The comparative analysis of scanned thin sections of INC and RIMLF revealed medium-sized parvalbumin positive neurons with and without calretinin coexpression, which were intermingled. The parvalbumin/calretinin positive neurons in both nuclei are considered as excitatory premotor upgaze neurons. Accordingly, the parvalbumin-positive neurons lacking calretinin are considered as premotor downgaze neurons in RIMLF, but may in addition include inhibitory premotor upgaze neurons in the INC as indicated by co-expression of glutamate decarboxylase in a subpopulation. Calretinin-positive neurons ensheathed by perineuronal nets in the human y-group are considered as the homologue premotor neurons described in monkey, projecting to superior rectus and inferior oblique motoneurons. In conclusion, combined immunostaining for parvalbumin, perineuronal nets and calretinin may well be suited for the specific identification and subsequent analysis of premotor upgaze pathways in clinical cases of isolated up- or downgaze deficits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:10:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-154f64fa2454419982e45e14ab6d1ac7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5129 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:10:59Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-154f64fa2454419982e45e14ab6d1ac72022-12-22T00:53:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy1662-51292015-12-01910.3389/fnana.2015.00153172216Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstemChristopher eAdamczyk0Michael eStrupp1Michael eStrupp2Klaus eJahn3Klaus eJahn4Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn5Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn6Ludwig-Maximlians UniversityLudwig-Maximlians UniversityLudwig-Maximilians UniversitySchön KlinikLudwig-Maximilians UniversityLudwig-Maximilians UniversityLudwig-Maximilians UniversityEye movements are generated by different premotor pathways. Damage to them can cause specific deficits of eye movements, such as saccades. For correlative clinico-anatomical post-mortem studies of cases with eye movement disorders it is essential to identify the functional cell groups of the oculomotor system in the human brain by marker proteins. Based on monkey studies, the premotor neurons of the saccadic system can be identified by the histochemical markers parvalbumin and perineuronal nets in humans. These areas involve the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle (RIMLF), which both contain premotor neurons for upgaze and downgaze. Recent monkey and human studies revealed a selective excitatory calretinin-positive input to the motoneurons mediating upgaze, but not to those for downgaze. Three premotor regions were identified as sources of calretinin input in monkey: y-group, INC and RIMLF. These findings suggest that the expression pattern of parvalbumin and calretinin may help to identify premotor neurons involved in up- or downgaze. In a post-mortem study of five human cases without neurological diseases we investigated the y-group, INC and RIMLF for the presence of parvalbumin and calretinin positive neurons including their co-expression. Adjacent thin paraffin sections were stained for the aggrecan component of perineuronal nets, parvalbumin or calretinin and glutamate decarboxylase. The comparative analysis of scanned thin sections of INC and RIMLF revealed medium-sized parvalbumin positive neurons with and without calretinin coexpression, which were intermingled. The parvalbumin/calretinin positive neurons in both nuclei are considered as excitatory premotor upgaze neurons. Accordingly, the parvalbumin-positive neurons lacking calretinin are considered as premotor downgaze neurons in RIMLF, but may in addition include inhibitory premotor upgaze neurons in the INC as indicated by co-expression of glutamate decarboxylase in a subpopulation. Calretinin-positive neurons ensheathed by perineuronal nets in the human y-group are considered as the homologue premotor neurons described in monkey, projecting to superior rectus and inferior oblique motoneurons. In conclusion, combined immunostaining for parvalbumin, perineuronal nets and calretinin may well be suited for the specific identification and subsequent analysis of premotor upgaze pathways in clinical cases of isolated up- or downgaze deficits.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00153/fullSaccadic eye movementsoculomotor nucleusrostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculusY-groupInterstitial nucleus of Cajal |
| spellingShingle | Christopher eAdamczyk Michael eStrupp Michael eStrupp Klaus eJahn Klaus eJahn Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn Anja Kerstin Ellen Horn Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem Frontiers in Neuroanatomy Saccadic eye movements oculomotor nucleus rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus Y-group Interstitial nucleus of Cajal |
| title | Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem |
| title_full | Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem |
| title_fullStr | Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem |
| title_short | Calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem |
| title_sort | calretinin as a marker for premotor neurons involved in upgaze in human brainstem |
| topic | Saccadic eye movements oculomotor nucleus rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus Y-group Interstitial nucleus of Cajal |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00153/full |
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