Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems
The Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup> project is an alternative production system for areas with scarce cultivable land but significant presence of water; thus, it is an interesting intervention to address the climate crisis. This work aimed to evaluate the micromorphological, biochemical, and p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8602 |
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| author | Roberta Ascrizzi Marinella De Leo Laura Pistelli Claudia Giuliani Ylenia Pieracci Barbara Ruffoni Carlo Mascarello Gelsomina Fico Guido Flamini Luisa Pistelli |
| author_facet | Roberta Ascrizzi Marinella De Leo Laura Pistelli Claudia Giuliani Ylenia Pieracci Barbara Ruffoni Carlo Mascarello Gelsomina Fico Guido Flamini Luisa Pistelli |
| author_sort | Roberta Ascrizzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup> project is an alternative production system for areas with scarce cultivable land but significant presence of water; thus, it is an interesting intervention to address the climate crisis. This work aimed to evaluate the micromorphological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni grown underwater compared to the terrestrial specimens. The micromorphological analyses, performed on the leaves using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, evidenced a general uniformity of the trichome morphotype and distribution pattern. The histochemical investigation indicated the simultaneous presence of terpenes and polyphenols in the trichome secreted material from the underwater samples and a prevailing polyphenolic content in the terrestrial specimens; this was also confirmed by biochemical analyses (26.6 mg GAE/g DW). The characterization of non-volatile components, performed using HPLC–MS, showed similar chemical profiles in all the samples, which were characterized by phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides. The volatile compounds, evaluated using HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS, showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the main class in all the analyzed samples (80.1–93.9%). However, the control plants were characterized by a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.1%). The underwater biosphere environment did not alter <i>S. rebaudiana</i> micro-morphological characters, although slight qualitative changes were evidenced for the compounds produced as a response to the growth conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:38:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1565cd9962164cff940048a2582dcfe0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:38:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-1565cd9962164cff940048a2582dcfe02023-11-24T11:44:59ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-012723860210.3390/molecules27238602Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation SystemsRoberta Ascrizzi0Marinella De Leo1Laura Pistelli2Claudia Giuliani3Ylenia Pieracci4Barbara Ruffoni5Carlo Mascarello6Gelsomina Fico7Guido Flamini8Luisa Pistelli9Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyCentro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute” (NUTRAFOOD), Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyCREA-Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, ItalyCREA-Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, ItalyThe Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup> project is an alternative production system for areas with scarce cultivable land but significant presence of water; thus, it is an interesting intervention to address the climate crisis. This work aimed to evaluate the micromorphological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni grown underwater compared to the terrestrial specimens. The micromorphological analyses, performed on the leaves using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, evidenced a general uniformity of the trichome morphotype and distribution pattern. The histochemical investigation indicated the simultaneous presence of terpenes and polyphenols in the trichome secreted material from the underwater samples and a prevailing polyphenolic content in the terrestrial specimens; this was also confirmed by biochemical analyses (26.6 mg GAE/g DW). The characterization of non-volatile components, performed using HPLC–MS, showed similar chemical profiles in all the samples, which were characterized by phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides. The volatile compounds, evaluated using HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS, showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the main class in all the analyzed samples (80.1–93.9%). However, the control plants were characterized by a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.1%). The underwater biosphere environment did not alter <i>S. rebaudiana</i> micro-morphological characters, although slight qualitative changes were evidenced for the compounds produced as a response to the growth conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8602sustainabilitysteviol glycosidespolyphenolsLC-MSβ-caryophylleneGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Roberta Ascrizzi Marinella De Leo Laura Pistelli Claudia Giuliani Ylenia Pieracci Barbara Ruffoni Carlo Mascarello Gelsomina Fico Guido Flamini Luisa Pistelli Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems Molecules sustainability steviol glycosides polyphenols LC-MS β-caryophyllene GC-MS |
| title | Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems |
| title_full | Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems |
| title_fullStr | Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems |
| title_short | Resilience of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo’s Garden<sup>®</sup>: Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems |
| title_sort | resilience of i stevia rebaudiana i bertoni bertoni in the underwater biospheres of nemo s garden sup r sup adaptation to new cultivation systems |
| topic | sustainability steviol glycosides polyphenols LC-MS β-caryophyllene GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/23/8602 |
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