An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles
Conventional blockchain consensus protocols tailored for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) usually face low transaction throughput, high latency, and elevated communication overhead issues. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose ESBCP, an efficient and secure blockchain consensus protocol f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/20/4285 |
| _version_ | 1797574016173604864 |
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| author | Xueming Si Min Li Zhongyuan Yao Weihua Zhu Jianmei Liu Qian Zhang |
| author_facet | Xueming Si Min Li Zhongyuan Yao Weihua Zhu Jianmei Liu Qian Zhang |
| author_sort | Xueming Si |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conventional blockchain consensus protocols tailored for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) usually face low transaction throughput, high latency, and elevated communication overhead issues. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose ESBCP, an efficient and secure blockchain consensus protocol for the IoV environment. Firstly, considering the significant performance differences among nodes in the IoV, we designed a blockchain consensus model for the IoV. Roadside units execute a trust evaluation mechanism to select high-quality vehicle nodes for the consensus process, thereby reducing the likelihood of malicious nodes in the consensus cluster. Secondly, we designed a node partition strategy to adapt to the dynamic feature of the IoV. Finally, addressing the mobility of nodes in the IoV, we introduced a dynamic unique node list. Vehicle nodes can promptly select nodes with high reliability from the list of communicable nodes to join their unique node list, while also promptly removing nodes with low reliability from their unique node list. Combining these strategies, we propose DK-PBFT, an improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus algorithm. The algorithm meets the efficiency and mobility requirements of vehicular networks. Through theoretical analysis, ESBCP could prevent external and internal security risks while reducing communication overhead. Experimental verification demonstrated that ESBCP effectively reduces consensus latency and improves transaction throughput. Our proposed ESBCP can be used in other application scenarios that require high consensus efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:17:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-1577e0a70e9247bea441a55d15093aac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:17:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-1577e0a70e9247bea441a55d15093aac2023-11-19T16:19:26ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-10-011220428510.3390/electronics12204285An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of VehiclesXueming Si0Min Li1Zhongyuan Yao2Weihua Zhu3Jianmei Liu4Qian Zhang5Frontier Information Technology Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, ChinaFrontier Information Technology Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, ChinaFrontier Information Technology Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, ChinaFrontier Information Technology Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, ChinaFrontier Information Technology Research Institute, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, ChinaCollege of Computer Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, ChinaConventional blockchain consensus protocols tailored for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) usually face low transaction throughput, high latency, and elevated communication overhead issues. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose ESBCP, an efficient and secure blockchain consensus protocol for the IoV environment. Firstly, considering the significant performance differences among nodes in the IoV, we designed a blockchain consensus model for the IoV. Roadside units execute a trust evaluation mechanism to select high-quality vehicle nodes for the consensus process, thereby reducing the likelihood of malicious nodes in the consensus cluster. Secondly, we designed a node partition strategy to adapt to the dynamic feature of the IoV. Finally, addressing the mobility of nodes in the IoV, we introduced a dynamic unique node list. Vehicle nodes can promptly select nodes with high reliability from the list of communicable nodes to join their unique node list, while also promptly removing nodes with low reliability from their unique node list. Combining these strategies, we propose DK-PBFT, an improved Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance consensus algorithm. The algorithm meets the efficiency and mobility requirements of vehicular networks. Through theoretical analysis, ESBCP could prevent external and internal security risks while reducing communication overhead. Experimental verification demonstrated that ESBCP effectively reduces consensus latency and improves transaction throughput. Our proposed ESBCP can be used in other application scenarios that require high consensus efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/20/4285blockchainconsensus protocolsIoVtrust evaluation mechanismnode partition strategydynamic unique node list |
| spellingShingle | Xueming Si Min Li Zhongyuan Yao Weihua Zhu Jianmei Liu Qian Zhang An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles Electronics blockchain consensus protocols IoV trust evaluation mechanism node partition strategy dynamic unique node list |
| title | An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles |
| title_full | An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles |
| title_short | An Efficient and Secure Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Internet of Vehicles |
| title_sort | efficient and secure blockchain consensus protocol for internet of vehicles |
| topic | blockchain consensus protocols IoV trust evaluation mechanism node partition strategy dynamic unique node list |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/20/4285 |
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